To determine the urban and rural differences in the motivation and constraints of schoolchildren in primary school senior classes in Taichung City, this study considered as subjects senior-level students who have participated in school clubs. These students were asked to complete questionnaires, and 447 valid copies and returned. Data analyses of descriptive statistics, T-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffé's method were then conducted. The results of this study show that four factors motivate schoolchildren to participate in school clubs: personal achievement, health-related fitness, and psychological and social needs. Meanwhile, three factors were selected as constraints: intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints. Moreover, the results show no urban-rural differences. However, interpersonal and structural constraints led to the most remarkable urban-rural differences.