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題名："Miao Rebellion" and Discursive Construction of Ethnic Identity
書刊名：國立臺灣大學考古人類學刊
作者：張兆和
作者(外文)：Cheung, Siu-woo
出版日期：1998
卷期：53
頁次：頁13-56
主題關鍵詞：苗族叛亂；族群類別；族群身份認同；文本呈現；話語建構；國族主義敘述；Miao rebellion；Ethnic category；Ethnic identity；Discursive construction；Textual representation；Nationalist narrative
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　　　　　本文探討在三本有關十九世紀中期中國貴州省「苗族叛亂」的文獻中，「苗族」 這一個族群類別所涵蓋的當地群體身份認同的問題。這三本文獻分別為清朝､民國與社 會主義中國官方所認可。本文試圖透過各種文獻和口傳資料來考察起義者的動機､組織聯 繫及各種族群標籤的構成。作者分析這些對地方族群作文本呈現的「苗族叛亂」資料時， 發現在十九世紀中期中國貴州省內各個不同的「苗族」社群並不擁有一個共同的民族身份 認同。在這三本官方文獻中「苗族」一詞有不同的指謂，而這些指謂都是基於作者對當地 叛亂者身份認同的特殊理解和文獻背後的特殊政治議程。本文嘗試指出文獻上邊緣群體 的民族類別往往是強勢群體在建構國族身份的敘述中與國族身份認同相對的觀念，而不能 隨便視為反影恆古不變的族群身份認同概念。
　　　　　This essay explores the identities subsumed under the ethnic category "Miao" in three selected texts on the mid-nineteenth-century "Miao rebellion" in Guizhou, China. These three texts are major officially-endorsed works under the ruling regimes of the imperial Qing Dynasty, Republican, and Socialist China. Through investigating the insurgents' motivation, organizational connections, and ethnic labels drawn on various textual materials and documentation of native oral tradition, it is found that the analysis of these textual re-presentations of the mid-nineteenth century insurgency hardly supports the view of a common Miao identity among diverse "Miao" communities during the late imperial period. The ethnic category "Miao" in these texts has different ways of referring to the insurgents, and these different references are largely contingent upon the authors' own conceptualizations of the native's identities and the political agenda behind the text. This study reveals the divergence of meaning in ethnic categories appearing in historical documents. Ethnic categories are often discusive constructions about marginalized people in relation to the national identity of the dominant group in nationalist narratives, rather than concepts referring to stable ethnic identity through time.
期刊論文
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