Bodhidharma was, historically, a foreign monk active in China during the sixth century, that is, during the Six Dynasties period. But over the centuries, with narrative changes and additions in monastic biographies, "recorded sayings" (yu-lu) and "lamp histories" (teng-lu), Bodhidharma not only became the last of the twenty-eight Indian patriarchs and first Ch'an patriarch in China, but also acquired divine powers and a collection of clever Ch'an sayings. By approximately the tenth century, the evolution of Bodhidharma's hagiography was more or less complete. The Transmission of the Lamp of the Ching-te Era (Ching-te ch'uan- teng-lu), and the biography of Bodhidharma it contains, entered the official canon. At this point the biography of Bodhidharma was closed to further innovation. Although images of Bodhidharma circulated already in the High Tang, in the eighth century they were little different in appearance from standard portraits of arhats and monks. With the emergence of Ch'an water-color painting in the Southern Sung, various types of Bodhdharma portraits appeared. It was at this time that the image of a foreign monk with burning eyes, wide forehead and heavy jowls, wearing a cowl and arm bracelet became the distinctive portrait of the monk. In this article I begin by describing the rise of the Bodhdharma portrait, and the historical sources for the elements of this portrait. Then I discuss precedents for the portrait preceding the Northern Sung. Finally, I explore the origin and style of key motifs in Sung-Yuan portraits of Bodhidharma, including the characteristics of the foreign monk, Bodhdharma's posture, Bodhdharma "crossing the river on a reed," "facing the wall in meditation," "Hui-k'o cutting off his arm," and "the single sandal and the return to the West." With respect to methodology, I draw on techniques of religious studies and art history to explore the position of the legend of Bodhidharma in Sung-Yuan Ch'an history, as well as the place of portraits of Bodhidharma in art history of the Sung- Yuan period.