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題名:郎尼根洞察與其哲學貫通之道:其基礎,整合,與發展
作者:鄭喬閏
作者(外文):Cheng, Chiao-Ruen
校院名稱:輔仁大學
系所名稱:哲學研究所
指導教授:關永中
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:心語內省洞察反省洞察實踐洞察同型化多型化認知結構整全誘導性結構verbumintrospective insightreflective insightpractical insightisomorphismpolymorphismcognitional structureintegral
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此篇論文主要的關注重點,在於以郎尼根「洞察」作為其哲學貫通或整合的原理。此原理貫通了郎尼根哲學的不同部門,論文中最主要的研究素材是郎尼根的前期與中期的作品:《心語》(1946-1949)《洞察》(1957)與《教育專題》(1959)。
第一章簡要的討論知識與不同學科整合的可能性,以及對論題提出解釋,並且包含了主要引用的文獻探討,最後綜合說明郎尼根《洞察》與《神學方法》中對解釋(Insight, ch.17, sec.3, Interpretation) 的看法。
第二章試圖正確理解郎尼根前期的重要著作《心語》。從哲學史上追溯認知問題的來龍去脈,主要舉出柏拉圖與亞里斯多德對認知問題的提出、補充、與修正,進而在《心語》中多瑪斯對此一脈絡的認知理論之發揚,作了最佳的澄清與發顯。並透過發掘疑點與配合當代各領域研究的長足進步來調整多瑪斯認知議題之綜合看法。本章是郎尼根企圖解釋多瑪斯的「心語」與相關思想來對當代作回應。最後一個小節,提供了一個簡明的對照圖表,用來對照中期代表作《洞察》中的相關概念或觀點。此章節較困難,讀者或可直接閱讀第三章。
第三章是全篇論文的核心章節。此章提出郎尼根哲學的基礎,亦即郎尼根透過對哲學史上的認知問題所研究出的認知理論---透過郎尼根前期尤其是《心語》以及中期的《洞察》而形成的龐大知識論體系---作較完整的論述來呈現。而認知結構的核心,亦即將科學思維的眾多表現編織在一起,並且產生各種相繼表現為其每一領域帶來修正與轉化的一個在下支撐的不變基礎,可以稱為科學方法,或是更精確的,郎尼根名之為「詢問中悟性的動態結構」(Insight, p.116.)。而這個「詢問中悟性的動態結構」或者稱為「洞察」,乃是一個能使得知識論、形上學、倫理學互相依存成一個相互依存整體的整合者。這三個哲學部門具有某種類似性的結構形式,郎尼根稱之為「同型化」或「同型異質」(Isomorphism)。
第一節引導讀者,思考哲學中的不同組成部門,並提供了一個認知結構與認知過程發展的概要。認知結構的過程發展包含經驗、理解、判斷、抉擇等階段,以及「內省洞察」、「反省洞察」、與「實踐洞察」的要素;此外試圖引導讀者理解經驗科學的方法與知識論的關係。也就是說,郎尼根的認知理論穿透了知識論與經驗科學的方法;最後,試圖解釋知識論、形上學、與倫理學的「同型化」關係。第二節探討《洞察》的第十一章「認知者的自我肯定」(Self-Affirmation of the Knower)。此段為郎尼根知識論通往形上學的樞紐。第三節更詳細探討知識論與經驗科學的關係,彼此互相支撐,而認知理論在當中扮演支撐角色。第四節探討「實踐洞察」以及相關的幾個重要的延伸概念:包括知識或「洞察」的累積、更高觀點的躍升、以及「整全誘導性結構」(Integral Heuristic Structure)。
論文第四章從純粹的哲學部門或科學式的知識體系與方法,轉向到應用性的知識領域。然而,這些應用仍然是建基在郎尼根所建立的基礎---認知結構---此基本研究法上。此章引用的郎尼根原典,主要在於1959年的教育專題演講。前兩章論述的「洞察」或「詢問中悟性的動態結構」在此處轉化為掌握他人心靈的能力層次,或者作為認知理論的實用面向。郎尼根「洞察」與認知理論整合與應用到不同的學科領域或知識體系。在此章中有數個主題:社會哲學、心理哲學、教育哲學、與藝術等領域。
最後一章作為全篇總結,主要重申論題的目標:亦即郎尼根哲學之貫通層面,是否是歷史的、整合的、與應用性的發展!此外,作者也作了數點對於郎尼根哲學的反省與補充。
This thesis mainly focuses on Bernard Lonergan’s philosophy, especially the ‘insight’ in his philosophy as a principle of integration of all other departments of his philosophy. Most materials of this dissertation mainly from three works of Lonergan: Verbum (1946-1949), Insight (1957), and Topics in Education (1959).
The first chapter, on the one hand, provides an introduction of the topic, and on the other hand, also including several short discussions to the possibility of integration of knowledge or different fields of disciplines, interpretation viewpoints from Lonergan’s Insight, and Method in Theology.
The second chapter is trying to understand Lonergan’s Verbum articles, and also trace back to the cognitional issues in history of philosophy, especially in Plato and Aristotle. This chapter attempt to explain that Lonergan makes effort to complement Thomas’ task and apply it into contemporary world. The final section made a figure to present ideas or concepts penetrate from Verbum to Insight.
The third chapter is the central part of the whole dissertation, which figures out that cognitional structure, is the foundation of Lonergan’s philosophy. The central core of cognitional structure which Lonergan called the dynamic structure of inquiring intelligence, become the underlying invariant scientific method which kitting together those diverse manifestations of scientific thought, generating each in turn only to bring forth the revision and transformation of each (Insight, p.116.). And this dynamic structure of inquiring intelligence or called insight as integrator to make epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics into an interrelated, interlocked, interconnected whole. And these three departments of philosophy present some kinds of similar structure, which Lonergan named isomorphism. Lonergan not only integrated the different departments in his philosophy, he also integrated cognitional issues in history of philosophy, which already mentioned in chapter two. The section two to section four are attempt to reorganization several valuable ideas or theories in Lonergan’s Insight, including the key breakthrough from cognitive theory to metaphysics which Lonergan called Self-affirmation of the Knower (Insight, ch.11.), philosophy of science, practical insight and few valuable ideas in Lonergan’s Insight: accumulation of knowledge or accumulation of insights, the relation between higher viewpoint or leap and integral heuristic structure.
The fourth chapter changed its focus on content from the horizon of pure philosophy or scientific knowledge into applying philosophy or practical knowledge, but it still based on its foundation: cognitional structure. This chapter relies mainly on Insight and Topics in Education. Insight here present as the ability to grasp others mind, or as the practical dimension of cognitive theory. Lonergan’s insight or cognitive theory integrates and apply into different fields of disciplines or knowledge systems. There are several topics in this chapter: philosophy of sociology, philosophy of psychology, philosophy of education, and philosophy of art.
The final chapter is a short conclusion discussing the aims of the three theses: historical, integrated or comprehensiveness, applying development. Besides, author also discussed few supplement about reading Lonergan’s philosophy.
郎尼根原著:【】此符號表示在新舊版間本文所採用的第二版本!
Insight: A Study of Human Understanding. London: Longmans, Green, 1957; Darton, Longman & Todd, Revised students’ edition, 1958.【Editor, Frederick E. Crowe and Robert M. Doran, CWL 3, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.】
Collection CWL4, edited by Frederick E, Crowe and Robert M. Doran, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. especially articles: ‘Cognitional Structure’, ‘Dimensions of Meaning’, ‘Metaphysics as Horizon’. 【New York: Herder and Herder, 1967.】
Verbum: Word and Idea in Aquinas CWL2, edited by Frederick E. Crowe and Robert M. Doran, University of Toronto Press, 1997.【1967】
A Second Collection: Paper by Bernard J. F. Lonergan, S. J., edited by William F. J. Ryan, S. J. and Bernard J. Tyrrell, S. J., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974.
Topics in Education CWL10, edited by Robert M. Doran and Frederick E. Crowe, University of Toronto Press, 1993.
Understanding and Being CWL5, Editor, Elizabeth A. Morelli and Mark D. Morelli . CWL5, Toronto: University of Toronto, 1995.
Method in Theology. Editor, Lonergan Research Institute of Regis College. Toronto:University of Toronto, 1996.
Philosophical and Theological Papers 1958-1964 CWL6, edited by Robert C. Croken, Frederick E. Crowe, and Robert M. Doran, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996.
The Lonergan Reader. Editor, Elizabeth A. Morelli and Mark D. Morelli . Toronto:University of Toronto,1997.
For a New Political Economy CWL21, edited by Philip J. McShane, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Macroeconomic Dynamics: An Essay in Circulation Analysis CWL15, edited by Frederick Lawrence, Patrick Byrne, Charles Hefling Jr., Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999.
Grace and Freedom: Operative Grace in the Thought of St Thomas Aquinas CWL1, edited by Frederick E, Crowe and Robert M. Doran, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.
Phenomenology and Logic: The Boston College Lectures on Mathematical Logic and Existentialism CWL18, edited by Philip J. McShane, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001.
The Ontological and Psychological Constitution of Christ CWL7, translated from the fourth edition of De constitutione Christi ontologica et psychologica by Michael G. Shields, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
Philosophical and Theological Papers 1965-1980 CWL17, edited by Robert C. Croken, and Robert M. Doran, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.
關於郎尼根研究的二手參考書籍:
Braio, Frank Paul, Longergan’s Retrieval of the Notion of Human Being: Clarifications of and Reflections on the Argument of Insight, Chapters I-XVⅢ, U.S. : University Press of America, 1948.
Budenholzer, Frank E., ‘Insight in Chemistry’ in Method: Journal of Lonergan Strdies, vol.9, no.1, 1991, pp.63-69.new window
Byrne, Patrick, "The Fabric of Lonergan's Thought". in Lonergan Workshop, volume 6. Atlanta, GA.: Scholars Press, 1986.
Corcoran, Patrick, (ed.), Looking at Lonergan's Method. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan, 1975.
Crowe, Frederick, Appropriating the Lonergan Idea. Edited by Michael Vertin. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1989.
---------------------, Lonergan Outstanding Christian Thinkers Series. Collegeville, Mn.: The Liturgical Press, 1992.
Coreth, Emerich, Metaphysics, English edition by Joseph Donceel, New York: Herder and Herder, 1968.
Doran, Robert, Theology and the Dialectics of History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990.
Dunne, Tad, Lonergan and Spirituality: Towards a Spiritual Integration. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1985.
de sa’ Earp, Ney Affonso, Love and Transcendent Knowledge : a Critical Study of Chapter XIX of Insight in the Light of Lonergan’s Later Ideas about Love and Natural Theology. Rome : Pontifico Universitas Gregoriana Facultas Philosophiae, 1983.
Einstein, Albert, Essays in Science, New York : The Wisdom Library, 1962.
Galilei, Galileo, The Assayer, trans. Stillman Drake, Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo, Doubleday, 1957.
Fitzpatrick, Joseph, “Lonergan and Hume I-IV”. New Blackfriars. March 1982, pp.122-130;May 1982, pp.219-218;June 1982, pp.275-286;September 1982, pp.364-372.
Flanagan, Joseph, Quest for Self-Knowledge: An Essay in Lonergan's Philosophy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.
Gregson, Vernon, The Desires of the Human Heart: An Introduction to the Theology of Bernard Lonergan. New York: Paulist Press, 1988.
Kanaris, Jim, Bernard Lonergan’s Philosophy of Religion: From Philosophy of God to Philosophy of Religious Studies, U.S.: State University of New York, 2002.
LaCentra, Walter, The Authentic Self: Toward a Philosophy of Personality. New York: Peter Lang, 1987.
Lamb, Matthew, Solidarity With Victims: Toward a Theology of Social Transformation. New York: Crossroad, 1982.
Lawrence, Fred, "Lonergan as a Political Theologian". Timothy P. Fallon and Philip Boo Riley,(eds.)in Religion in Context: Recent Studies in Lonergan College Theology Society Resources in Religion 4. Lanham, MD. : University Press of America, 1988, pp.1-22.
Liddy, Richard, Transforming Light: Intellectual Conversion in the Early Lonergan. Collegeville, MN. : Liturgical Press, 1993.
Loewe, William P., The College Student's Introduction to Christology. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1996.
McCarthy, Michael, The Crisis of Philosophy. Albany, New York : SUNY Press, 1989.
McShane, Philip,(ed.), Foundations of Theology. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan, 1971.
McShane, Philip, "Systematics, Communications, Actual Contexts", in Timothy P. Fallon and Philip Boo Riley,(eds.)Religion in Context : Recent Studies in Lonergan College Theology Society Resources in Religion 4. Lanham, MD. : University Press of America, 1988, pp.59-86.
Meyer, Ben, Critical Realism and the New Testament. Alison Park, PA. : Princeton Theological Monograph Series, 1989.
Meynell, Hugo A., An Introduction to the Philosophy of Bernard Lonergan. London & Basingstoke : Macmillan Press, 1976.
-----------------------, The Theology of Bernard Lonergan. Atlanta, GA. : Scholars Press, 1986.
-----------------------, Redirecting Philosophy: Reflections on the Nature of Knowledge from Plato to Lonergan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998.
Muck, Otto, The Transcendenta Method, translated by William D. Seidensticker, New York: Herder and Herder, 1968.
O'Callaghan, Michael, Unity in Theology: Lonergan's Framework for Theology in Its New Context. Lanham, MD. : University Press of America, 1980.
Ogilvie, Matthew, Who was Bernard Lonergan? Doctoral Thesis hosted by the Lonergan Centre, Sydney(http://www.concentric.net/~Mmorelli/).
---------------------, Faith Seeking Understanding: The Functional Specialty, “Systematics,” in Bernard Lonergan’s Method in Theology, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2001.
Oko, Dariusz, The Transcendental Way to God according to Bernard Lonergan, Paris: Lang. 1991.
Ring, Nancy, "Language as a Carrier of Theological Meaning", in Timothy P. Fallon and Philip Boo Riley,(eds.)Religion in Context: Recent Studies in Lonergan College Theology Society Resources in Religion 4. Lanham, MD. : University Press of America, 1988, pp.113-124.
Sala, Giovanni, Lonergan and Kant: Five Essays on Human Knowledge, translated by Joseph Spoerl, edited by Robert M. Doran, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994.
Stebbins, J. Michael, The Divine Initiative : Grace, World-Order, and Human Freedom in the Early Writings of Bernard Lonergan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1995.
Stewart, W.A., Introduction to Lonergan's Insight : An Invitation to Philosophize, New York : Edwin Mellen Press, 1996.
Tekippe, Terry, What's Lonergan Up to in Insight. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 1996.
------------------, Scientific and Primordial Knowing, United States: University Press of America, 1996.
------------------, Benard Lonergan’s Insight: A comprehensive Commentary, New York: University Press of America, 2003.
------------------, Benard Lonergan: An Introductory Guide to Insight, New York: Paulist Press, 2003.
Tracy, David, The Achievement of Bernard Lonergan. New York : Herder and Herder, 1970.
Tyrrell, Bernard, Bernard Lonergan's Philosophy of God. South Bend, IN. : University of Notre Dame Press, 1974.
其他外文參考資料
Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy, Volume I-IV . New York:The Newman Press, 1946, reprinted 1959.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Truth and Method, translation revised by Joel Weinsheimer and Donald G. Marshall, New York: The Continuum Publishing Company, Published by Bookman Books, LTD. (書林), 1994.
Hefling, Charles, Why Doctrines? Cambridge, MA. : Cowley Press, 1984.
Heisenberg, W., The Representation of Nature in Contemporary Physics
Husserl, Edmund, Cartesian Meditations: An Introduction to Phenomenology, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1960.
---------------------, The Phenomenology of Internal Time-Consciousness, Bloomington: India University, 1964.
---------------------, Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy, New York: Harper and Row, 1965.
---------------------, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, Evaston: Northwestern University Press, 1970.
---------------------, Experience and Judgment: Investigations in a Genealogy of Logic, Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1973.
Jerome J. Langford, Galileo, Science and the Church, South Bend, Indiana, St. Augustine’s Press, 1966, 1998(3).
Marechal, Joseph, A Marechal Reader. Edited and Translated by Joseph Donceel . New York:Herder and Herder, 1970.
Scheler, Max, Problems of a Sociology of Knowledge, trans. By Manfred S. Frings, edited and with an introduction by Kenneth W. Stikkers, London: Routedge & Kegan Paul, 1980.
Whitehead, A N., Science and the Modern World, New York : Mentor, 1960. A Standard Work on the Subject.
Whitehead, Alfred North, The Aims of Education, The Macmillan Company, 1929, 4th printing in 1953.【中譯本:吳志宏譯,《教育的目的》,台北,桂冠,1994。】
中文參考資源:
高凌霞,《馬里旦論存有直觀與知識統合》。台北:輔大出版社,1998年。
書誠,《方法論系統引論》,安徽大學出版社,1991年1月。
梁瑞祥,<論馬里旦知識理論的融合問題>,《哲學與文化》第二六五期,1996年,pp.1700-1711。new window
陸達誠,<馬里旦與馬賽爾>,《哲學論集》第三十一卷,1998年,pp.45-61。new window
陳文團著,梁瑞祥譯,<馬里旦的整全人文主義>,《哲學論集》第三十一卷,1998年, pp.17-44。new window
鄔昆如,《西洋哲學史》。台北:國立編譯館出版,正中書局印行,1994年。
鄔昆如、高凌霞合著,《士林哲學》。台北:五南,1996年。
鄔昆如,<倫理學的各種學說>,pp.3044-3055, 《哲學與文化》第23卷第10期,1996年10月。new window
關永中,<郎尼根《神學方法》所蘊含的超驗法>,《哲學論評》第十三期,台大哲學系,1990年1月,pp.77-141。new window
關永中,《郎尼根的認知理論---<洞察>卷一釋義》。台北:哲學與文化月刊社,1991年。new window
關永中,<郎尼根方法論所透顯的教育理想>,《哲學論評》第十六期,台大哲學系,1993年1月,pp.199-222。new window
關永中,<認知者的自我肯定---郎尼根洞察第十一章釋義>(一至六節上),《哲學與文化》第二十卷第四期,1993年4月,pp.375-391。new window
關永中,<認知者的自我肯定---郎尼根洞察第十一章釋義>(一至六節下),《哲學與文化》第二十卷第五期,1993年5月,pp.444-454。new window
關永中,<「認知者的自我肯定」所能引申的疑問>,《哲學與文化》第二十一卷第四期,1994年4月,pp.293-310。
關永中,《知識論-古典、近世思潮》,台北:五南,2000年。

其他參考工具與資源:
Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by dagobert D. Runes, Printed in United States, 1983.
A Dictionary of Philosophy, edited by Anthony Flew, London, 1979, 2nd edition by Pan Books Ltd and The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1984.
The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Paul Edwards, New York, Collier-Macmillan Limited, 1967.
An Encyclopedia of Philosophy, G.H.R. Parkinson, London, 11 New Fetter Lane,1988.
Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion, William L. Reese, United States, Humanities Press Inc, 1980.
A Dictionary of Philosophy, A.R.Lacy, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd,1976,2nd edition in 1986.
The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Simon Blackburn, New York, Oxford University Press, 1994. 8.The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Robert Audi (中文版:王思迅主編林正弘審訂),台北,貓頭鷹出版社
The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, Robert Audi (中文版:王思迅主編林正弘審訂), 台北, 貓頭鷹出版社, 2002.
 
 
 
 
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