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題名:廠商研發能力對績效影響之研究
作者:張惠真
作者(外文):Chang, Hui-chen
校院名稱:國立臺北大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系
指導教授:黃營杉
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:研發能力附加價值廠商績效R&D capabilityvalue addedfirm performance
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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知識經濟時代,知識與技術的研發創新是高科技產業的營運主軸與持續競爭優勢的基礎;尤其面對全球科技變動迅速、競爭日益嚴苛之市場環境,廠商高度依賴促使產品或流程持續創新與迅速回應市場需求的科學與技術能力;而這種科技創新能力乃源自於研究與發展的能力,而研發能力是經由資本化的成果呈現。過去極少有以存量觀點探討研發能力對績效影響之實證研究;相關研究對於研發投資之衡量多採流量觀點的研發費用,難以反映研發成果有時間遞延性及研發能力需長期蓄積之本質;或以中間產出性質的專利為衡量,則無法取代初始研發能力的投資進而驗證與績效之關係;至於有關廠商規模對於研發投資與績效關係干擾效果之相關研究,結果亦觀點歧異。本研究以台灣上市上櫃電子產業為實證對象,主要從經濟新報資料庫蒐集455家廠商自1997年至2003年,涵蓋橫斷面與縱斷面的平衡式追蹤資料(balanced panel data)共3,185筆觀察值;以研發資本為代理衡量變數,以附加價值為廠商績效之指標,利用Cobb-Douglas生產函數探討廠商研發能力對績效之影響,以及廠商規模對研發能力與績效關係之影響。在模式的估計檢定,同時考量廠商與時間效果採用混合迴歸分析中之固定效果模式。實證結果發現在不同規模分群及各次產業分群的分析中,研發資本對廠商績效均有顯著正向影響,研發資本的平均產出彈性為0.2646,顯示廠商投資培植研發能力的蓄積對其績效會產生正向貢獻;不同規模對廠商的研發能力績效影響關係大致呈現U型;積體電路業、電腦與週邊設備業、光電業與網路通訊設備業等不同次產業之間,研發能力對績效影響顯現不同顯著水準的差異影響。本研究除了驗證存量觀點的研發能力對廠商績效影響的方向與強度,以及廠商規模及不同次產業分類對於研發能力與績效關係具有干擾影響效果之外;同時發現不同次產業廠商之研發能力對績效影響亦呈現顯著差異;此外亦提供研發資本與附加價值分別作為研發能力與廠商績效的可行衡量指標之一,是為本研究之主要貢獻。
In the era of knowledge economy, innovative knowledge and technology derived from R&D capability has been widely viewed as a major determinant of core competence and as a critical factor to gain sustaining competitive advantages, especially in high-tech industries. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of R&D capability on firm performance and to examine the moderating role of the firm size in the relationship between R&D capability and performance. In contrast to previous research, this study uses R&D capital as the proxy indicator to measure R&D capability from the aspect of “stock” instead of R&D intensity or patent counts, and regards the firm size as a moderator rather than an independent variable.
By adopting the extended Cobb-Douglas production function and by developing a fixed effect model to estimate the output elasticity of R&D capital based on a balanced panel data of totally 455 electronic firms in Taiwan over the period from 1997 to 2003, we find that the R&D capability has positively significant influence on firm performance. The research result also shows that the moderating effect of size on the relationship between R&D capability and performance is approximating to “U” shape. Additionally, the result reveals that there are significant differences in terms of the output elasticity of R&D capital in different sub-industry groups.
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