臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：人力資本、外溢效果與廠商生產力及技術效率：以台灣製造業為例
作者：張景福 引用關係
作者(外文)：Ching-Fu Chang
校院名稱：國立臺灣大學
系所名稱：經濟學研究所
指導教授：劉錦添
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2010
主題關鍵詞：人力資本；雇主與勞工合併資料；勞工組成；外籍勞工；生產力；技術效率；外溢效果；human capital；employer-employee matched data；worker composition；foreign worker；productivity；technical efficiency；spillover effect
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:56
本論文針對廠商探討三個與人力資本相關的研究議題。首先，在第二章中，我們從廠商的生產函數出發，分析勞工組成特性對廠商生產力與薪資的影響。運用獨特的台灣製造業雇主與員工合併資料，我們以本國員工的年齡、性別、教育程度之分布以及外籍勞工佔本國勞工比例做為衡量廠商人力資本的特性變數，並控制廠商的廠齡、規模與員工薪資分散程度等廠商特性。關於廠商生產力，我們則以生產附加價值、總要素生產力與Levinsohn-Petrin(2003)生產力作為衡量指標。研究結果顯示，若廠商規模越大、員工薪資分散程度越低、員工年齡組成比例越輕、男性員工比例與衡量廠內平均教育程度的人力資本指標越高者，廠商的生產力將會有所提升。而當廠商雇用外籍勞工時，其生產力會有所提升，但隨著雇用比例的上升將使貢獻度下降。至於平均薪資方面，各項特性對於薪資的影響方向大略與生產力相同，但員工年齡組成對於生產力與薪資則有相反效果。另外，外勞占本勞比率的上升分別對於技術勞工與非技術勞工的平均薪資有著正向與負向的影響效果，顯示外籍勞工與本國的技術勞工之間具有互補性，但與本國的非技術勞工則存在替代性。
其次，在第三章中，我們從廠商的生產技術效率角度切入，運用Battese and Coelli(1995)的隨機邊界模型以及豐富的員工特性變數，著手探討台灣製造業23個二欄位產業，人力資本對技術效率的影響。研究結果發現，全體製造業的勞動產出彈性約介於0.71~0.99之間，以皮革製品製造業最高；資本產出彈性約在0.13~0.36左右，以石油及煤製品製造業為首。至於平均規模報酬則以資訊電子業最高。各產業的平均技術效率估計值約介於0.61~0.78之間，以橡膠製造業居首位。另外，就技術效率影響因素方面，勞力或體力密集的產業(如民生工業、運輸工具及機械設備修配業)，僱用較高比例的年輕員工，將可增加其生產技術效率。而員工平均教育程度的提高有助於技術效率提升，但此助益將隨著員工平均教育程度的增加而遞減。除此之外，外籍勞工的僱用對所有產業廠商的技術效率皆有助益，顯示外籍勞工可填補一般國人較不願意從事的工作職缺，且增加國內勞工的相對競爭性。
最後，在第四章中，我們探討人力資本是否存在著外溢效果。然而，不同於既有的相關文獻，我們從廠商生產力變化來衡量該外溢效果的助益。運用各縣市除了該廠以外的製造業廠商員工之大學畢業比例作為外部人力資本衡量指標進行分析。然而，可能存在著許多未觀察到的因素同時影響廠商生產力與該縣市的人力資本，因此，我們藉由多種固定效果來排除不同年間、廠商與隨著時間變動的產業不可觀察異質性所可能造成的內生性問題。同時，我們也利用各縣市新開廠與關廠資料、1990年的人口普查資料以及勞動力調查資料創造出四個外部人力資本指標的工具變數進行估計。另外，我們亦執行多種穩健性檢測來確定人力資本外溢效果的存在性。實證結果顯示，當各縣市除了該廠以外的製造業廠商員工之大學畢業比例上升1%，將使得該廠的生產力上升0.93%~1.15%，且此外溢效果在高科技產業之間將更為顯著。另外，相關產業之間的外溢效果亦大於不相關產業之間的外溢效果，同時，該外溢效果隨著產業關聯性的減弱而逐漸消失。若將此外溢效果折算成金錢價值，則當各縣市除了該廠以外的製造業廠商員工之大學畢業比例上升1%時，該廠的生產附加價值將會提升約13,000元。
This dissertation examines three empirical studies on the role of human capital in plant production. In the first study, we investigate the relationship between workforce composition and plant productivity among manufacturing industries in Taiwan. Based on an unique employer-employee matched data, we estimate production function using three alternative indices of plant productivity (including value added, Solow residuals, as well as Levinsohn and Petrin(2003) total factor productivity) and various workforce and plant characteristics (including the distribution of workers’ age, gender, educational level, the ratio of foreign workers, plant age, scale and wage dispersion). We find that larger plants, plants that employ a higher fraction of male, younger, higher educated workers and plants with less dispersion of wages perform better than others. Furthermore, hiring foreign workers is beneficial for plant productivity but the benefit decreases as the ratio of foreign workers rises. Finally, plants that employ a higher fraction of older workers would pay higher wages. Raising the hiring ratio of foreign workers is beneficial for the wage of skilled workers, but is harmful for the wages of unskilled workers. This indicates that there is a complementary relationship between foreign and skilled workers and a substitute relationship between foreign and unskilled workers.
In the second study, we apply the stochastic frontier model proposed by Battese and Coelli(1995) to investigate the relationship between human capital and technical efficiency among 23 two-digit manufacturing industries. Using an array of workforce characteristics such as measures of human capital, we find that the estimates of output elasticity with respect to labor are between 0.71 and 0.99, with the highest for leather industry, while the estimates of output elasticity respect to physical capital is between 0.13 and 0.36, with the highest for petrol and coal industry. Also, the coefficient of return to scale is largest for electronic industry. In efficiency analysis, the average technical efficiency for all industries is between 0.61 and 0.78. Further, employing a higher fraction of younger and high educational workers can improve the technical efficiency, but the former effect is only in labor or physical-strength intensive industries while the latter effect decreases as the average educational level of worker raises. Finally, hiring foreign workers is positively correlated with the technical efficiency for all industries, which implies that hiring foreign workers may stimulate native workers to work harder, and therefore, to be more efficient.
In the third study, we try to identify the existence and magnitude of human capital spillovers from production function. We measure the productivity gains as the college share of workers outside the plant within a city rises. However, there are some potential sources of endogeneity that may result in biased estimates. Consequently, we utilize multiple fixed effects as well as instrumental variables to cure the endogenous problem. Also, we carry out a series of specification and robustness checks. Our results show that one percentage increase in the college share outside the plant within a city will raise plant productivity by 0.93~1.15% and the effects are higher among high-tech plants and plants that belong to “Science Park” regions. Moreover, the spillovers between industries that are economically similar are stronger than spillovers between industries economically dissimilar. Finally, to assess the pecuniary benefits of spillovers, we find that one percentage increase in the college share of workers will increase the value added of each plant by about 13,000 NT dollars.
中文部份：
江豐富 (2006), “外勞引進對本國勞工失業、職業選擇及薪資之影響”,《臺灣經濟預測與政策》，37(1), 69-111new window
林灼榮˙蔡榮德˙邱敬貿˙康家維 (2007) “研發投入與人力資本對台灣紡織業與通訊產業生產效率攸關性之研究”, 《東吳經濟商學學報》, 58, 89-120。new window
胡明雯(1991) “台灣製造業中小企業之實證研究”, 台灣大學經濟研究所博士論文。
莊亦琦˙許碧峰 (1999), “研究發展對生產力的貢獻及產業間的外溢效果: 台灣製造業實證”, 《經濟論文》, 27(3), 407-432。new window
徐美˙陳明郎˙吳孟道 (1997), “外籍勞工與國內生產要素間地帶互補關係之探討-以台灣製造業為例”,《台灣經濟學會年會論文集》, 65-91.
陳忠榮˙劉錦添˙孫佳宏 (2001) “中小企業與大企業技術效率之估計與比較-台灣電子業四欄位產業之實證研究”, 《人文及社會科學》, 11(4), 401-413。
黃雅鈴 (2008) “台灣製造業二欄位產業生產效率分析-共同生產函數之應用”, 中央大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。new window
單驥 (1996), “外籍勞工、技術、非技術人員與資本間替代關係之探討：以台灣製造業為例”, 《人口、就業與福利論文集》, 39-71。
劉錦添 (1995), “台灣製造業技術效率之實證分析”, 《經濟論文叢刊》, 23(2), 149-169。new window
楊志海˙陳忠榮 (2001), “研究發展、專利與生產力-台灣製造業的實證研究”, 《經濟論文叢刊》, 30(1), 27-48。new window
蔡光第˙楊浩彥 (1996), “多層次巢覆式R&D外溢效果與其對台灣製造業不同科技部門之貢獻”, 《經濟論文叢刊》, 24(1), 29-60。new window
蔡蕙安˙陳致綱 (2002), “研究發展外溢效果對廠商成本結構之影響-台灣高科技產業之實証分析”, 《經濟論文叢刊》, 30(2), 175-204。new window
歐陽利姝˙朱世琳 (2008), “研發、研發外溢與員工學歷結構差異對台灣資訊電子產業研發廠商的生產力之貢獻”, 《經濟論文叢刊》, 36(4), 515-550。new window
藍科正 (2001), “勞動力跨國移動政策----台灣引進外勞的經驗”, 《新經濟世紀的勞動政策》，25-65。
英文部份：
Abowd, John M. and Francis Kramarz (1999), “The Analysis of Labor Markets Using Matched Employer-Employee Data,” Handbook of Labor Economics, pp. 2629-2710.
Abowd, John M., Francis Kramarz and David N. Margolis (1999), “High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms,” Econometrica, Vol. 67, pp. 251-333.
Acemoglu, Daron and Joshua Angrist (2000), “How Large Are Human Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws,” in Ben S. Bernanke and Kenneth Rogoff, eds., NBER Macroeconomics Annual, Vol. 15, Cambridge, MA: MIT press, pp.9-59.
Aigner, Dennis J., C. A. Knox Lovell and Peter Schmidt (1977), “Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Models,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 6, pp. 21-37.
Akerlof, George A. and Janet L. Yellen (1990), “The Fair Wage-Effort Hypothesis and Unemployment,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 105, pp. 255-283.
Altonji, Joseph and David Card (1991), “The Effects of Immigration on the Labor Market Outcomes of Less-Skilled Natives,” Immigration Trade and Labor, in John M. Abowd and Richard B. Freeman eds., pp. 201-234.
Alvarez, Roberto and Gustavo Crespi (2003), “Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Small Firms,” Small Business Economics, Vol. 20, pp. 233-244.
Amemiya Takeshi and Thomas E. MaCurdy (1986), “Instrumental-Variable Estimation of an Error-Components Model,” Econometrica, Vol. 54, pp. 869-880.
Asadullah, Mohammad M. and Shafiur Rahman (2009), “Farm Productivity and Efficiency in Rural Bangladesh: the Role of Education Revisited,” Applied Economics, Vol. 41, pp. 17-33.
Aw, Bee-Yan, Sukkyun Chung and Mark J. Roberts (2000), “Productivity and Turnover in the Export Market: Micro-Level Evidence from the Republic of Korea and Taiwan,” The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 14, pp. 65-90.
Barrington, Linda and Kenneth Troske (2001), “Workforce Diversity and Productivity: An Analysis of Employer-Employee Matched Data,” Economics Program Working Paper Series No. 01-02, Mimeo, the Conference Board, New York.
Barro, Robert J. (1991), “Economic Growth in Cross Section of Countries,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, pp. 407-443.
Barron, John, Dan Black and Mark Loewenstein (1987), “Employer Size: the Implications for Search, Training, Capital Investment, Starting Wages, and Wage Growth,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 5, pp. 76-89.
Batra, Geeta and Hong Tan (2003), “SME Technical Efficiency and Its Correlates: Cross-National Evidence and Policy Implications,” Working Paper, World Bank Institute.
Battese, George E. and Tim J. Coelli (1988), “Prediction of Firm-Level Technical Efficiencies: With a Generalized Frontier Production Function and Panel Data,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 38, pp. 387-399.
Battese, George E. and Tim J. Coelli (1992), “Frontier Production Functions, Technical Efficiency and Panel Data: With Application to Paddy Farmers in India,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 3, pp. 153-169.
Battese, George E. and Tim J. Coelli (1995), “A Model for Technical Inefficiency Effects in a Stochastic Frontier Production Function for Panel Data,” Empirical Economics, Vol. 20, pp. 325-332.
Becker, Gary S. (1964), Human Capital, first edition, New York: NBER, Columbia University Press.
Benhabib, Jess and Mark Spiegel (1994), “The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development: Evidence from Aggregate Cross-Country Data,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34, pp. 143-173.
Bishop, John (1994), “The Impact of Previous Training on Productivity and Wages,” in L. Lynch, ed., Training and the private sector: international comparisons. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 161-199.
Black, Sandra E. and Lisa M. Lynch (1996), “Human-Capital Investment and Productivity,” American Economic Review, Vol. 86, pp. 263-267.
Bloom, Matt (1999), “The Performance Effects of Pay Dispersion on Individuals and Organizations,” Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 42, pp. 25-42.
Borjas, George (1987), “Self-Selection and the Earnings of Immigrants,” American Economic Review, Vol. 77, pp. 531-553.
Borjas, George (2003), “The Labor Demand Curve is Downward Sloping: Reexamining the Impact of Immigration on the Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 118, pp. 1335-1374.
Borjas, George, Jeffrey Grogger and Gordon Hanson (2008), “Imperfect Substitution between Immigrants and Natives: A Reappraisal,” NBER Working Paper, No. 13887.
Bravo-Ureta, B. and A. Pinheiro(1993), “Efficiency Analysis of Developing Contry Agriculture: A review of the Frontier Literature,” Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Vol. 22, pp. 88-101.
Caudill, Steven B., Jon M. Ford (1993), “Biases in Frontier Estimation Due to Heteroscedasticity,” Economics Letters, Vol. 41, pp. 17-20.
Caudill, Steven B., Jon M. Ford and Daniel M. Gropper (1995), “Frontier Estimation and Firm-Specific Inefficiency Measures in the Presence of Heteroscedasticity,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 13, pp. 105-111.
Chen, Jong-Rong and Chih-Hai Yang (2005), “Technological capital, spillover and productivity: Evidence from Taiwanese firm level panel data,” Applied Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 2361-2371.
Chen, Jong-Rong and Chih-Hai Yang (2006), “The Effects of Knowledge Capital on Enhancing Firms’ Productivity in Taiwan-Does R&D or Technology Import Matter?” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 47, pp. 137-153.
Ciccone Antonio and Giovanni Peri (2006), “Identifying Human Capital Externalities: Theory with Applications,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 73, pp. 381-412.
Coelli, Tim J. (1995), “Recent Developments in Frontier Modeling and Efficiency Measurement,” Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 39, pp. 219-245.
D’Amuri, Francesco, Gianmarco Ottaviano and Giovanni Peri (2008), “The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990’s” NBER Working Paper, No. 13851.
Dhawan, Rajeev (2001), “Firm Size and Productivity Differential: Theory and Evidence from a Panel of US Firms,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 44, pp. 269-293.
Eriksson, Tor (1999), “Executive Compensation and Tournament Theory: Empirical Tests on Danish Data,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 17, pp. 262-280.
Foster, Andrew and Mark Rosenzweig (1993), “Information, Learning, and Wage Rates in Low-Income Rural Areas,” Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 28, pp. 759-790.
Friedberg, Rachel (2001), “The Impact of Mass Migration on the Israeli Labor Market,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 116, pp. 1373-1408.
Galindo-Rueda, Fernando and Jonathan Haskel (2005), “Skills, Workforce Characteristics and Firm-Level Productivity: Evidence from the Matched ABI/Employer Skills Survey,” IZA Discussion Paper No. 1542.
Glaeser Edward, Jose Scheinkman and Andrei Shleifer (1995), “Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Cities,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 36, pp. 117-143.
Gokcekus, Omer, Kwabena Anyane-Ntow and T. R. Richmond (2001), “Human Capital and Efficiency: the Role of Education and Experience in Micro-Enterprises of Ghana’s Wood-Products Industry,” Journal of Economic Development. Vol 26, pp. 1-12.
Goldin, Claudia (1986), “Monitoring Costs and Occupational Segregation by Sex: A Historical Analysis,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 4, pp. 1-27.
Greene, William H. (1981), “On the Asymptotic Bias of the Ordinary Least Squares Estimator of the Tobit Model,” Econometrica, Vol. 49, pp. 505-513.
Griliches, Zvi. (1970), “Notes on the Role of Education in Production Functions and Growth Accounting,” in W. Lee Hansen (ed.), Education, Income and Human Capital (New York: NBER)
Grossman, Jean B. (1982), “The Substitutability of Natives and Immigrants in Production,” Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64, pp. 596-603.
Grund, Christian and Niels Westergaard-Nielsen (2008), “Dispersion of Employees’ Wage Increases and Firm Performance,” Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 61, pp.485-501.
Hadri, Kaddour (1999), “Estimation of a Doubly Heteroscedastic Stochastic Frontier Cost Function,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 17, pp. 359-363.
Hægeland, Torbjørn and Tor Jakob Klette (1999), “Do Higher Wages Reflect Higher Productivity? Education, Gender and Experience Premiums in a Matched Plant-Worker Data Set,” The Creation and Analysis of Employer-Employee Matched Data, John C. Haltiwanger, Julia I. Lane, James R. Spletzer, Jules J. M. Theeuwes and Kenneth R. Troske, eds., Amsterdam : North Holland, 231-260.
Haltiwanger, John C., Julia I. Lane and James R. Spletzer (1999), “Productivity Differences across Empolyers: The Roles of Employer Size, Age, and Human Capital,” American Economic Review, Vol. 89, pp.94-98.
Haltiwanger, John C., Julia I. Lane and James R. Spletzer (2007), “Wages, Productivity, and the Dynamic Interaction of Businesses and Workers”, Labour Economics, Vol. 14, pp. 575-602.
Hamermesh, Daniel S. (1993), Labor Demand, Princeton University Press.
Hamermesh Daniel S. (1999), “LEEping into the future of labor economics: the research potential of linking employer and employee data,” Labour Economics, Vol. 6, pp. 25-41.
Hausman Jerry A. (1978), “Specification Tests in Econometrics,” Econometrica, Vol. 46, pp.1251-1271.
Hausman Jerry A. and William A. Taylor (1981), “Panel Data and Unobservable Individual Effects,” Econometrica, Vol. 49, pp.1377-1398.
Heckman, James (1979), “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error,” Econometrica, Vol. 47, pp. 153-161.
Hellerstein, Judith, David Neumark and Kenneth Troske (1999), “Wages, Productivity, and Worker Characteristics: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions and Wage Equations,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 17, pp. 409-446.
Hellerstein, Judith and David Neumark (2004), “Production Function and Wage Equation Estimation with Heterogenous Labor: Evidence from a New Matched Employer-Employee Data Set,” NBER Working Paper, No. 10325.
Herdt, R. W. and Mandac, A. M. (1981), “Modern Technology and Economic Efficiency of Philippine Ricer Farmers,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 29, pp. 375-399.
Heyman, Fredrik (2005), “Pay Inequality and Firm Performance: Evidence from Matched Employer-Employee Data,” Applied Economics, Vol. 37, pp.1313-1327.
Holzer, Harry J. (1990), “the Determinants of Employee Productivity and Earnings”, Industrial Relations, Vol. 29, pp. 403-422.
Huang, Cliff J. and Jin-Tan Liu (1994), “Estimation of a Non-Neutral Stochastic Frontier Production Function,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 5, pp. 171-180.
Huang, Cliff J. and S. Bagi Huang (1984), “Technical Efficiency on Individual Farms in Northwest India,” Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 51, pp. 108-115.
Idson, Todd L. and Walter Y. Oi (1999), “Workers Are More Productive in Large Firms,” American Economic Review, Vol. 89, pp. 104-108.
Iranzo, Susana, Fabiano Schivardi and Elisa Tosetti (2008), “Skill Dispersion and Firm Productivity: An Analysis with Employer-Employee Matched Data,” Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 26, pp. 247-285.
Islam, Nazrul (1995), “Growth Empirics: a Panel Data Approach,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, pp. 1127-1170.
Jacobs, Jane (1969), The Economy of Cities. New York: Vintage.
Jaffe, Adam (1986) “Technological Opportunities and Spillovers of R&D: Evidence from Firm’s Patent, Profit and Market Value,” American economic Review, Vol. 76, pp.984-1001.
Jaffe, Adam, Manuel Trajtenberg and Rebecca Henderson (1993), “Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillover as Evidenced by Patent Citations,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, pp. 577-598.
Jondrow, James, C. A. Knox Lovell, Ivan S, Materov and Peter Schmidt (1982), “On the Estimation of Technical Inefficiency in the Stochastic Frontier Production Function,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 19, pp. 233-238.
Kalaitzandonakes, N. G. and E. G. Dunn (1995), “Technical Efficiency, Managerial Ability and Farmer Education in Guatemalan Corn Production: a Latent Variable Analysis,” Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Vol. 24, pp. 36-46.
Kalirajan, K. P. (1991), “The Importance of Efficient Use in the Adoption of Technology: A Micro Panel Data Analysis,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 2, pp. 113-126.
Kalirajan, K. P. and R. T. Shand(1985), “Types of Education and Agricultural Productivity: a Quantitative Analysis of Tamil Nadu Rice Farming,” The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 21, pp. 232-243.
Koenker Roger and Kevin F. Hallock (2001), “Quantile Regression,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 15, pp. 143-156.
Kotlikoff, Laurence and Jagadeesh Gokhale (1992), “Estimating a Frim’s Age-Productivity Profile Using the Present Value of Workers’ Earnings,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, pp. 1215-1242.
Kopp, Raymond J. and V. Kerry Smith (1980), “Frontier Production Function Estimates for Steam Electric Generation: A Comparative Analysis,” Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 46, pp. 1049-1059.
Kumbhakar, Subal C. (1990), “Production Frontiers, Panel Data, and Time-Varying Technical Inefficiency,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 46, pp. 201-211.
Kumbhakar, Subal C., Soumendra Ghosh and J. Thomas McGuckin (1991), “A Generalized Production Frontier Approach for Estimating Determinants of Inefficiency in U. S. Dairy Farm,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 9, pp. 279-286.
Lalonde Robert and Robert Topel (1991) “Labor Market Adjustments to Increased Immigration”, Immigration Trade and Labor, in John M. Abowd and Richard B. Freeman eds., pp. 167-199.
Latruffe, Laure, Kelvin Balcombe, Sophia Davidova and Katarzyna Zawalinska (2004), “Determinants of technical efficiency of Crop and Livestock Farms in Poland,” Applied Economics, Vol. 36, pp. 1255-1263.
Lazear, Edward and Robert Moore (1984), “Incentives, Productivity, and Labor Contracts,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 99, pp. 275-296.
Lazear, Edward and Sherwin Rosen (1981), “Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts”, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 89, pp. 841-864.
Lee, Lung-Fei (1983), “Generalized Econometric Models with Selectivity,” Econometrica, Vol. 51, pp. 507-512.
Lee, Lung-Fei and Walliam G. Tyler (1978), “The Stochastic Frontier Production Function and Average Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 7, pp. 385-389.
Leonard, Jonathan (1984), “Anti-Discrimination or Reverse Discrimination: The Impact of Changing Demographics, Title VII and Affirmative Action on Productivity,” Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 19, pp. 145-174.
Levine, David (1991), “Cohesiveness, Productivity, and Wage Dispersion,” Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 15, pp. 237-255.
Levinsohn, James and Amil Petrin (2003), “Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to Control for Unobservables,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 70, pp. 317-341.
Liu, Jin-Tan, Meng-Wen Tsou and James K. Hammitt (1999), “Export Activity and Productivity: Evidence from the Taiwan Electronics Industry,” Review of World Economics, Vol. 135, pp. 675-691.
Liu, Jin-Tan, Meng-Wen Tsou and Ping Wang (2010), “Workforce composition and firm productivity: Evidence from Taiwan,” Economic Inquiry, forthcoming.
Liu, Zhiqiang (2007), “The External Returns to Education: Evidence from Chinese Cities,” Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 61, pp. 542-564.
Lockheed, Marlaine E., Dean T. Jamison and Lawrence J. Lau (1980), “Framer Education and Farm Efficiency: A Survey,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 29, pp. 37-76.
Lokshin Michael and Zurab Sajaia (2004), “Maximum-Likelihood Estimation of Endogenous Switching Regression Models,” Stata Journal, Vol. 4, pp. 282-289.
Lucas, Robert E., Jr. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol.22, pp. 3-42.
Majumdar, Sumit K. (1997), “The Impact of Size and Age on Firm-Level Performance: Some Evidence from India”, Review of Industrial Organization, Vol. 12, pp. 231-341.
Manacorda, Marco, Alan Manning and Jonathan Wadsworth (2006), “The Impact of Immigration on the Structure of Male Wages: Theory and Evidence from Britain,” IZA Discussing Paper, No. 2352.
Mankiw, N. Gregory, David Romer and David N. Weil (1992), “A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 107, pp. 407-437.
Marschak, Jacob, and William H. Andrews, Jr. (1944), “Random Simultaneous Equations and the Theory of Production,” Econornetrica, Vol. 12, pp. 143-205.
Marshall, Alfred (1980), Principles of Economics. New York: Macmillan.
Mastromarco, Camilla and Angelo Zago (2009), “Technology Shape, Distance to Frontier, or Frontier Shift? Modeling the Determinants of TFP Growth,” Working Paper Series, No. 57, Department of Economics, University of Verona.
Mathijs, Erik and Liesbet Vranken (2001), “Human Capital, Gender and Organisation in Transition Agriculture: Measuring and Explaining the Technical Efficiency of Bulgarian and Hungarian Farms,” Post-Communist Economies, Vol. 13, pp. 171-187.
Maudos, Joaquin, Jose M. Pastor and Lorenzo Serrano(2003), “Human Capital in OECD Countries: Technical Change, Efficiency and Productivity,” International Review of Applied Economics, Vol. 17, pp. 419-435.
Meussen, Wim and Julien van den Broeck (1977), “Efficiency Estimation from Cobb-Douglas Productions with Composed Error,” International Economic Review, Vol. 18, pp. 435-444.
Miller, Stephen and Mukti Upadhyay (2000), “The Effect of Openness, Trade Orientation and Human Capital on Total Factor Productivity,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 63, pp. 399-423.
Mincer, Jacob (1974), Schooling, Experience and Earnings, New York: NBER, Columbia University Press.
Moretti, Enrico (2004a), “Workers’ Education, Spillovers, and Productivity: Evidence from Plant-Level Production Functions,” American Economic Review, Vol. 94, pp.656-690.
Moretti, Enrico (2004b), “Estimating the Social Return to Higher Education: Evidence from Longitudinal and Repeated Cross-Sectional Data,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol.121 pp.175-212.
Moretti, Enrico (2004c), “Human Capital Externalities in Cities,” NBER Working Paper, No. 9641.
Olley, Steven and Ariel Pakes (1996), “The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry,” Econometrica, Vol. 64, pp. 1263-1297.
Ottaviano, Gianmarco and Giovanni Peri (2006), “Rethinking the Effects of Immigration on Wages,” NBER Working Paper No.12497.
Pakes, Ariel (1996), “Dynamic Structural Models, Problems and Prospects: Mixed Continous Discrete Controls and Market Interaction,” in C. Sims (ed.) Advances in Econometrics, Sixth World Congress, Vol. II (Cambridge University Press) , pp. 171-259.
Peri, Giovanni (2009), “The Effect of Immigration on Productivity: Evidence From US States,” NBER Working Paper, No. 15507.
Pitt, Mark M. and Lung-Fei Lee (1981), “The Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiency in the Indonesian Weaving Industry,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 9, pp. 43-64.
Power, Laura (1998), “The Missing Link: Technology, Investment, and Productivity”, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 80, pp. 300-313.
Quispe-Agnoli, Myriam and Madeline Zavodny (2002), “The Effect of Immigration on Output Mix, Capital, and Productivity”, Economic Review, Q1, pp. 17-27.
Rauch, James E. (1993), “Productivity Gains from Geographic Concentration of Human Capital: Evidence from the Cities,” Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 34, pp. 380-400.
Roback, Jennifer (1982), “Wages, Rents, and the Quality of Life,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 90, pp. 1257-1278.
Roback, Jennifer (1988), “Wages, Rents, and Amenties: Differences Among Workers and Regions,” Economic Inquiry, Vol. 26, pp. 23-41.
Reifschneider, David and Rodney Stevenson (1991), “Systematic Departures from the Frontier: A Framework for the Analysis of Firm Inefficiency,” International Economic Review, Vol. 32, pp. 715-723.
Romer, Paul M., (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 94, pp. 1002-1037.
Rosen, Sherwin (1986), “The Theory of Equalizing Differences,” in Orley Ashenfelter and Richard Layard (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, 1, 641-692, Amsterdam: North Holland.
Rosenthal, Stuart S. and William C. Strange (2008), “The Attenuation of Human Capital Spillovers,” Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 64, pp. 373-389.
Schmidt, Peter and Robin C. Sickles (1984), “Production Frontier and Panel Data,” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, Vol. 2, pp. 367-374.
Schultz, Theodore (1961), “Investment in Human Capital,” American Economic Review, Vol. 51, pp. 1-17.
Schultz, Paul (1987), “School Expenditures and Enrollments, 1960-1980: the Effects of Income, Prices and Population Growth,” in Gale Johnson and Ronald Lee (Eds.), Population Growth and Economic Development: Issues and Evidence, University of Wisconsin Press, pp. 413-476.
Seale James L., Jr. (1990), “Estimating Stochastic Frontier Systems with Unbalanced Panel Data: the Case of Floor Tile Manufactories in Egypt,” Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol.5, pp. 59-74.
Stevenson, Rodney E. (1980), “Likelihood Functions for Generalized Stochastic Frontier Estimation,” Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 13, pp. 57-66.
Stock, J. and Yogo, M. (2005), “Test for Weak instruments in Linear IV Regression,” in D. W. K. Andrews and J. H. Stock (eds.), Identification and Inference for Econometric Models: Essays in Honor of Thomas Rothenberg, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tallman Ellis W. and Ping Wang (1994), “Human Capital and Endogenous Growth: Evidence from Taiwan,” Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 34, pp. 101-124.
Wang, Hung-Jen and Peter Schmidt (2002), “One-Step and Two-Step Estimation of the Effects of Exogenous Variables on Technical Efficiency Levels,” Journal of Productivity Analysis, Vol. 18, pp. 129-144.
Wang, Hung-Jen and Chia-Wen Ho (2010), “Estimating Fixed-Effect Panel Stochastic Frontier Models by Model Transformation,” Journal of Econometrics, Forthcoming.
Welch Finis (1970), “Education in Production,” Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 78, pp. 35-59.
Willis, Robert J. (1986), “Wage Determinants: A Survey and Reinterpretation of Human Capital Earnings Functions”, Handbook of Labor Economics, O. Ashenfelter and R. Layard, eds., Amsterdam : North Holland.
Wilson, P., D. Hadley, S. Ramsden, and I. Kaltsas (1998), “Measuring and Explaining Technical Efficiency in U.K. Potato Production,” Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 49, pp. 294-305.
Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf and Josef Zweimuller (1996), “Immigration and the Earnings of Young Native Workers”, Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 48, pp. 473-491.
Yanrui Wu (1994), “Technical Efficiency and Its Potential Sources: a Case Study of Chinese Rural Textile Firms,” Journal of Rural Studies, Vol. 10, pp. 291-300.
Zheng, Jinghai, Xiaoxuan Liu and Arne Bigsten(2003), “Efficiency, Technical Progress, and Best Practice in Chinese State Enterprises(1980-1994),” Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol. 31, pp. 134-152.


 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：363（臺灣：270，外國：93） ／ 本年度總使用人次：1328876 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67133667
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上