In this essay, Taiwan modernist fiction is regarded as reaction to, thus also a part of, “The Modernization Movement” took place in 1960s Taiwan after World War II. This time period of modernization of economy and society, coming after the restoration of Taiwan and the retreat of the Nationalist government to the island in rapid succession, caused great impact on Taiwan society and culture. In the process of modernization, new spiritual crisis, resulting from a discontinuous society and cultural clashes, began to emerge. Stimulated by their new experiences and urged by sense of emergency, the modernist writers represented and reflected in their work on a variety of phenomena brought about by the wind of modernization, such as modern technology after railway, world war and internationally involved civil war, global trades, urbanization, and the flourish of international metropolitan cities. Meanwhile, they played emphasis on diaspora and alienation caused by industrialization and commercialization. The uprooting of traditional values and social ethics at this time of confusion also became the focus of modernist fiction. The well-known emphasis of new artistic forms and styles of the modernist is in fact effected by their deep concern and anxiety for the time and society. Therefore, through fictional characters and lyrical expressions, of which techniques have been well discussed by scholars, these writers made their responses to the phenomena of modernity and became the Taiwan modernist writers.