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題名:特約條款之認定--最高法院九十六年臺上字第三九四號判決評析
書刊名:東海大學法學研究
作者:陳豐年 引用關係
作者(外文):Chen, Feng-nian
出版日期:2010
卷期:32
頁次:頁205-278
主題關鍵詞:特約條款擔保條款基本條款保險契約條款解釋原則最大善意原則Special provisionsBasic provisionsPrinciples of interpreting insurance contractsPrinciple of utmost good faith (uberrimae fidei)
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:449
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我國實務上認定所謂保險法特約條款向來多流於形式主義而缺乏實質論證過程,本文所檢討之最高法院96年台上字第394號判決案例即為著例。詳言之,綜觀最高法院歷來涉及解釋保險契約條款之案例,該院往往在缺乏深入透徹論證過程下,直接判定冠有「特約條款」名稱之契約條款為特約條款,殊少有何實質之涵攝或說理過程。然而,由於違反特約條款法律效果極為嚴苛,適用之結果往往將導致保險人無須負擔任何責任,且令他方遭摒除於保險制度保護傘外之嚴重後果。職是,最高法院在欠缺明確有力之論理基礎下,即率然令被保險人陷於此等不利益地位,往往導致此等判決難昭當事人之折服並斲傷其對司法之信賴基礎。本文認為,如此判決結果極可能肇因於我國保險法學界對特約條款殊少論述,導致我國實務界對特約條款原理、內涵及相關外國立法例之認知極為匱乏所致。準此,本文擬先深入剖析特約條款之源頭-即英國擔保條款制度,詳細闡述該制度淵源、內涵及近期英國實務見解,並整理、對照我國現今學說實務所累積對特約條款之見解為論述基礎,繼之提出現行特約條款規定之修正建議。接著,再以法學方法詮釋角度切入分析系爭契約條款之法律性質及其效力,最後得出結論,俾供為後續學者研究素材及實務判決參考依據。
Courts in Taiwan tend to determine in a formalistic way instead of a substantial one whether clauses in insurance contracts are special provisions or not. The Supreme Court case T.S.T. No.394 (Supreme Court 2007), which the study deals with, is a remarkable example. In particular, after reviewing whole related cases, we would discover that the court has been prone to regard clauses adhered to by the title ”special provisions” as special provisions of the insurance act in the absence of profound reasoning and substantial judgment. Based upon the operation and process of current practice, the insured was frequently afflicted with strict effect of breach of special provisions, namely being excluded from protection of insurance due to the effect that insurer is entitled to avoid insurance contracts. What's worse, the result may well trigger the insured's doubt about insurance system and debase basis of trust in judiciary. The phenomenon is likely to result from a paucity of scholars introducing and expounding relevant theories. In view of that, this study plans to illustrate warranties of English insurance act at first, the prototype of special provisions of the insurance act in Taiwan. In addition, this paper will provide an overview of related theories and practice about special provisions in Taiwan, then comparing current development of special provisions with that of England. Ultimately, the final part of this paper is to analyze character and effect of the clause by means of the aforementioned theories. The author hopes this paper would lay the foundation of further studies and practice.
期刊論文
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2.Vance, William R.,(1911)。The History of the Development of Warranty in Insurance Law。Yale L.J.,20,523-532。  new window
3.江朝國(20090100)。保險契約條款解釋原則。月旦法學教室,75,20-21。  延伸查詢new window
4.陳豐年(2009)。英國保險法上違反擔保條款之法律效果新進展--以Good Luck案為核心。法令月刊,60(4),102-117。new window  延伸查詢new window
5.劉宗榮(20080800)。論保險契約的解釋--兼論保險法第五四條的修正芻議。月旦法學,159,112-130。new window  延伸查詢new window
6.林勳發(20011200)。保險法修正評述與建議。政大法學評論,68,107-182。new window  延伸查詢new window
7.饒瑞正(20021000)。保險法最大善意原則之辨正。月旦法學,89,153-174。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.吳從周(20040200)。論民法第一條之「法理」--最高法院相關民事判決判例綜合整理分析。東吳法律學報,15(2),1-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
9.陳豐年(20090300)。英國保險法上擔保條款之變革--由效率邁向公平之路。法學新論,8,23-55。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.饒瑞正(20030300)。論保險契約之特約條款及其內容之控制。月旦法學,94,105-129。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.江朝國(1997)。保險法修正條文之評釋。全國律師月刊,11月,34-55。  延伸查詢new window
12.林誠二(1997)。從消費者保護法看責任保險。消費者保護研究,第 3輯,180-200。  延伸查詢new window
13.Birds, John,(1991)。The Effect of Breach of an Insurance Warranty。L.Q.R,107.,540。  new window
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15.Wansink, J. Han(2008)。Precautionary Measures: A Friendly or Hostile tool of Limiting Insurance Coverage?,。ERA Forum,8,151。  new window
研究報告
1.The Law Commission(1980)。Insurance Law: Non-Disclosure and Breach of Warranty。The Law Commission。  new window
2.(2007)。Insurance Contract Law: Misrepresentation, Non-Disclosure and Breach of Warranty by the Insured。  new window
學位論文
1.張有捷(2007)。保險費返還相關問題之研究(博士論文)。國立臺北大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.馮志源(1998)。特約條款之法律性質研究(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.廖伯鈞(2005)。論保險契約不真正義務之結構及其違反效果(碩士論文)。國立臺北大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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2.Lowry, John、Rawlings, Philip(2005)。Insurance Law: Doctrines and Principles。Hart Publishing。  new window
3.Clarke, Malcolm A.(1989)。The Law of Insurance Contracts。London:LLP Professional Publishing。  new window
4.Clarke, Malcolm A.(2004)。Policies and Perceptions of Insurance Law in the Twenty-First Century。New York, NY/ Oxford, UK:Oxford University Press。  new window
5.陳彩稚(1998)。保險學。臺北市:三民。  延伸查詢new window
6.Treitel, Guenter H.(2003)。The Law of Contract。London:Sweet and Maxwell。  new window
7.施文森(1986)。保險法總論。台北市:三民。  延伸查詢new window
8.Soyer, Baris(2006)。Warranties in Marine Insurance。London:Gavendish。  new window
9.劉宗榮(1997)。保險法。三民書局股份有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
10.陳彩稚(2000)。保險學。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
11.林勳發、梁宇賢、劉興善、柯澤東(2005)。商事法精論。台北:今日書局。  延伸查詢new window
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16.Larenz, Karl、陳愛娥(20060400)。法學方法論。台北:五南。  延伸查詢new window
17.汪信君、廖世昌(2006)。保險法理論與實務。元照出版有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
18.施文森(19880000)。保險法論文。臺北:施文森。new window  延伸查詢new window
19.鄭玉波、劉宗榮(2006)。保險法論。臺北:三民。  延伸查詢new window
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22.桂裕(1990)。保險法。台北:三民書局。  延伸查詢new window
23.王澤鑑(2004)。民法總則。台北:王澤鑑。  延伸查詢new window
24.王澤鑑(2003)。基本理論債之發生 -契約、代理權授與 及無因管理。債法原理(一 )7 刷 。  延伸查詢new window
25.江朝國(2006)。強制汽車責任保險法 , 2 版。  延伸查詢new window
26.林群弼(2006)。保險法論, 2 版 2 刷。  延伸查詢new window
27.黃茂榮(1993)。法學方法與現代民法。國立臺灣大學法學叢書( 32 )。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.葉啟洲(2009)。保險法專題研究。  延伸查詢new window
29.詹森林(2006)。民事法理與判決研究(四)消費者保護法專論( 2 )。國立台灣大學法學叢書(161)。  延伸查詢new window
30.劉宗榮(2006)。論保險契約的解釋,駱永家教授七秩華誕祝壽論文集。  延伸查詢new window
31.Beatson J(2002)。Anson‘s Law of Contract。  new window
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