On the tourist development of Mainland China, the central government always uses its policies to act as the role of creator and participant. As this way, the central government is in the dominant position of the state economy and uses the regional competitive advantage to support the tourist development in Mainland China. This article will try to discuss these issues. In this article, the concept of 「A political system analysis of tourism」 is to explain the interaction between the state and the tourist development. From the viewpoint of the national functional requirements, the conditions of the policy making of four fields: national security, economic growth, social needs and cultural awareness, are analyzed. On the methodology, the author tries to use both literature analysis and historical structure analysis approaches. As this way, the goal and its measures about the tourist development of China's five-year economic plan are surveyed. The tourist development process, along with the state's major political and economic development, is divided into five main historical periods. From the viewpoint of domestic, regional and global levels, the political and economic development of Mainland China tourism at each main historical period will be examined. In this article, it will also discuss the policies, measures and the influences of the central government on the background of the globalization that create high value-added service on the tourist industry. On the methodology, the author tries to use both literature analysis and historical structure analysis approaches. As this way, the goal and its measures about the tourist development of China's five-year economic plan are surveyed. The tourist development process, along with the state's major political and economic development, is divided into five main historical periods. From the viewpoint of domestic, regional and global levels, the political and economic development of Mainland China tourism at each main historical period will be examined. In this article, it will also discuss the policies, measures and the influences of the central government on the background of the globalization that create high value-added service on the tourist industry.