Taiwan EFL Learners' Anaphor Resolution Performance and Influencing Factors in Reading_

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題名：	Taiwan EFL Learners' Anaphor Resolution Performance and Influencing Factors in Reading
書刊名：	英語教學
作者：	方挺
作者(外文)：	Fang, Ting
出版日期：	2014
卷期：	38:1
頁次：	頁129-156
主題關鍵詞：	指涉詞；英語為第二外語之閱讀者；工作記憶；Anaphor；EFL readers；Working memory
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:1 點閱:23

指涉詞在建立閱讀連貫上對英語學習者相當重要。然而，過去的文獻對於以英語為外語學習者之指涉詞在閱讀中的理解及相關影響因素研究甚少。此外，多數研究僅探討單一可能因素之影響，而未考慮不同因素之交互作用。本研究目的在探討兩個文本因素對臺灣英語學習者在英語閱讀中指涉詞理解之影響：指涉詞與被指涉詞之距離（遠、近）及方向（前、後）。120位臺灣高中生參與本研究並接受四種英語指涉詞閱讀情況，包括遠與前、遠與後、近與前、近與後。研究者比較四組受試者的指涉詞關係辨識能力進而得出以下結果：第一、指涉詞與被指涉詞之距離對受試者的辨識能力有影響，方向則無影響。第二、學習者在距離較遠時表現較距離近為佳。第三、距離與方向兩因素無交互影響作用。論文最後以指涉詞距離及方向、文本情境以及學習者之推論能力討論並提出啟發。

以文找文

Anaphor is critical to literacy coherence construction and important for English learners. So far, literature on EFL learners' anaphor performance and influencing factors is rare, and most studies investigated one single factor at a time without analyzing whether multiple factors have interaction effects on readers' anaphor resolution. The present study investigates whether distance between anaphor and its antecedent and direction affect Taiwan L2 readers' anaphor resolution performance. One hundred and twenty high school students read paragraphs of four versions based on the distance (near/far) and the direction of anaphor toward its antecedent (backward/forward). Each group read one version and answered the reference identification questions. The results showed distance, rather than direction, had significant effect on readers' performance. Unexpectedly, readers performed better when the distance between anaphor and antecedent is long, and no interaction effect was found. The findings are discussed based on the possible influence of distance/direction, contextual clues and readers' inference ability with implications also provided.

以文找文

期刊論文
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11.	Ehrlich, M.、Remond, M.(1997)。Skilled and less skilled comprehenders: French children's processing of anaphoric devices in written texts。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，15，291-309。
12.	Ehrlich, M.(1999)。Processing of anaphoric devices in young skilled and less skilled comprehenders: Differences in metacognitive monitoring。Reading and Writing，11，29-63。
13.	方挺(20130300)。Effects of Implicit and Explicit Focus on Form on EFL Learners' Anaphor Resolution Performance in Reading。英語教學，37(1)，141-177。
14.	Filik, R.、Sanford, A. J.(2008)。When is cataphoric reference recognised?。Cognition，107，1112-1221。
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18.	Gordon, P. C.、Hendrick, R.(1997)。Intuitive knowledge of linguistic co-reference。Cognition，62，325-370。
19.	Izumi, S.(2002)。Output, input enhancement, and the noticing hypothesis: An experimental study of ESL relativization。Studies in Second Language Acquisition，24，541-577。
20.	Levine, W. H.、Guzmán, A. E.、Klin, C. M.(2000)。When anaphor resolution fails。Journal of Memory and Language，43，594-617。
21.	McKoon, G.、Ratcliff, R.(1980)。The comprehension process and memory structures involved in anaphoric reference。Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior，19，668-682。
22.	Murphy, G.(1985)。Processes of understanding anaphora。Journal of Memory and Language，24，290-303。
23.	O'Brien. E. J.(1987)。Antecedent search processes and the structure of text。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，13，278-290。
24.	O'Brien, E. J.、Plewes, P. A.、Albrecht, J. E.(1990)。Antecedent retrieval processes。Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition，16，241-249。
25.	O'Brien, E. J.、Raney, G. E.、Albrecht, J. E.、Rayner, K.(1997)。Processes involved in the resolution of explicit anaphors。Discourse Processes，23，1-24。
26.	Pretorius, E. J.(2005)。ESL learner differences in anaphoric resolution: Reading to learn in the academic context。Applied Psycholinguistics，26，521-539。
27.	Vonk, W.、Hustinx, L. G. M. M.、Simons, W. H. G.(1992)。The use of referential expressions in structuring discourse。Language and Cognitive Processes，7，301-333。
28.	Myers, J. L.、O'Brien, E. J.(1998)。Accessing the discourse representation during reading。Discourse Processes，26(2)，131-157。
29.	Gernsbacher, M. A.(1989)。Mechanisms that improve referential access。Cognition，32(2)，99-156。
30.	Graesser, A. C.、Singer, M.、Trabasso, T.(1994)。Constructing Inferences during Narrative Text Comprehension。Psychological Review，101(3)，371-395。
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會議論文
1.	Park, K.(2011)。Information structure and dative word order in adult L2 learners。Somerville, MA：Cascadilla Proceedings Project。101-109。

學位論文
1.	Almor, A.(1996)。NP anaphora and focus - The informational load hypothesis(博士論文)。Brown University，Providence, RI。

圖書
1.	Huang, Yan(2000)。Anaphora: A Cross-linguistic Study。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
2.	Dik, S. C.(1997)。The theory of functional grammar。Mouton de Gruyter。
3.	Thacker, P. R.(1990)。Effects of text organization on reading in ninth grade good and poor readers and writers。Cambridge, MA：Harvard Graduate School of Education。
4.	Givón, Talmy(1995)。Functionalism and grammar。John Benjamins Publishing Company。
5.	Ariel, Mira(1990)。Accessing Noun-phrase Antecedents。London：Routledge。
6.	Yule, George(1996)。Pragmatics。Oxford University Press。
7.	McCarthy, Michael J.(1991)。Discourse analysis for language teachers。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
8.	Gernsbacher, Morton Ann(1990)。Language Comprehension as Structure Building。Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。

其他
1.	Graesser, A. C.，Wiemer-Hastings, P.，Wiemer-Hastings, K.(2001)。Constructing inferences and relations during text comprehension，http://memphis.edu/psychology/graesser/publications/documents/GWHWH2.pdf， 2012/08/10。

圖書論文
1.	Garrod, S.、Sanford, A.(1990)。Referential processing in reading: Focusing on roles and individuals。Comprehension processes in reading。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
2.	Huang, Y.(2006)。Anaphora, cataphora, exophora, logophoricity。Encyclopedia of languages and linguistics。Boston, MA：Elsevier。
3.	Krifka, M.(2007)。Basic notions of information structure。Interdisciplinary studies of information structure。Postdam：Universitatsverlag Potsdam。
4.	Nation, P.、Meara, P.(2002)。Vocabulary。An introduction to applied linguistics。London：Edward Arnold。

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