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題名：著作權強制授權機制之研究--以不公平競爭下拒絕授權著作權為核心
書刊名：財產法暨經濟法
作者：許炳華
作者(外文)：Hsu, Pin-hua
出版日期：2013
卷期：36
頁次：頁75-130
主題關鍵詞：著作權；強制授權；不公平競爭；利益平衡；財產權；言論自由；文化權；Copyright；Compulsory licensing；Unfair competition；Balance of interests；Property；Freedom of speech；Culture right
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強制授權是在實現著作權法之核心價值，即著作權法之利益平衡，求取著作人之財產權、公眾之言論自由及國家建構著作權制度保護著作權人、保障公眾之近用權間之平衡，因此應建構強制授權機制作為實現著作權利益平衡可能之選項。美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院Data General Corporation v. Grumman Systems Support Corporation, Image Technical Services, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Corporation 等案均致力於調和著作權法與競爭法；至於歐盟法院，經歷BBC v. Magill Publications, Tierce' Ladbroke SA v. Commission of the European Communities, IMS Health v. Commission of the European, Microsoft Corp. v. Commission of the European Communities 等案，於Ladbroke 案雖借用關鍵設施理論，而駁回原告請求強制授權之訴，然而於Magill, IMS, Microsoft 等案，則均正面肯認強制授權之措置。我國在面對不公平競爭下拒絕授權著作權之情況，現行可能相應處理的法律為公平交易法，然而縱然著作權人經認定違反公平交易法差別待遇之規定，必須經過「先行政、後司法」程序，且結果至多亦僅能予以課處罰金，相對人仍然無法取得授權以進行創作而保障近用權。因此，本文建議針對不公平競爭拒絕授權著作權之情況，增訂強制授權之概括條款，以達到著作權之利益平衡及確保公平競爭。
While attention to compulsory licensing system in patent law has been increasing, the one in copyright law receives less public concern. Given such cases have aroused a lot of discussion in the USA and European Commission alike, there are experiences for Taiwan to learn about. This article, firstly, analyzes how to strike a balance between copyright, freedom of speech, and culture rights, hoping to establish core values of copyright law. And then it further presents related cases of refusal to license copyright, introducing the European Copyright Code as a trend. In the end of the study, it is concluded that judicially-imposed compulsory license is not sufficient by suggesting to poise with the legislation of general compulsory licensing clauses.
期刊論文
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24.Kauffman, Michael H.(1999)。Note, Image Technical. Services, Inc. v. Eastman Kodak Co.: Taking One Step Forward and Antitrust Liability。Wake Forest L. Rev.，34，471-529。  new window
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30.許炳華(20101200)。著作權恆永久？著作權存續期間延展之憲法爭議--以美國聯邦最高法院Eldred v. Ashcroft案為探討核心，兼論我國可能之思維。世新法學，4(1)，141-193。new window  延伸查詢new window
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32.Reichenberger, Melanie(2006)。The Role of Compulsory Licensing in Unilateral Refusals to Deal: Have the United States and European Approaches Grown Further Apart after IMS。Iowa J. Corp. L.，31，549-564。  new window
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研究報告
1.Hughes, Justin(2009)。Notes on the Origin of Intellectual Property: Revised Conclusions and New Sources。  new window
學位論文
1.吳佳容(2007)。著作權的本質與保護範圍演變之探討(碩士論文)。世新大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.陳正和(2005)。「智慧」是憲法所保障的財產權嗎?以著作權法為中心論智慧財產權之憲法基礎(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.莊志剛(2011)。事業之拒絕交易行為於競爭法下之規範(碩士論文)。國立成功大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.劉威廷(2010)。美國競爭法上智慧財產拒絕授權案件之實證研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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其他
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2.Anderman, Steven(2004)。Does the Microsoft Case Offer a New Paradigm for the‘Exceptional Circumstances’ Test and Compulsory Copyright Licenses under EC Competition Law?，http://www.clasf.org/CompLRev/Issues/Vol1Issue2Article1.pdf。  new window
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6.Pradesh, Andhra(2008)。Compulsory Licensing--Bridging The Chasm between Competition Policy & Intellectual Property Law，http://www.legalserviceindia.com/ article/1275-Compulsory-Licensing-.html。  new window
7.Ruesting, Marco(2010)。When Does a Unilateral Unconditional Refusal to License or to Provide Information Become an Antitrust Concern? A United States and European Comparison，http://papers.ssm.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id= 1550239。  new window
8.The European Copyright Code-Introducation，http://www.copyrightcode.eu/， 2012/02/01。  new window
圖書論文
1.Torremans, Paul L. C.(2004)。Copyright As a Human Right。Copyright and Human Rights。Kluwer Law International。  new window
2.林洲富(200605)。著作財產權行使之自由與限制。智慧財產權法專題研究。台北：翰蘆圖書出版有限公司。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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