Fu Tung-hua was an active left-wing literary figure and prolific translator in 1930s China, one who translated a range of literary genres using various translation strategies. After 1949, however, Mr. Fu was blamed for disseminating the ideology of capitalism in mainland China with his Chinese translation of the Pulitzer-winning novel Gone with the Wind. Thus his translation career was hindered, and his reputation was not restored until the 1980s. In the meantime, seventeen of Fu's translations continued to be reprinted in Taiwan, including Ars Poetica, The Odyssey, The Iliad, Paradise Lost, Don Quixote, The Scarlet Letter and Gone with the Wind, most of which were mainstream editions. Though Fu's contributions to Taiwan's literary and intellectual world cannot be underestimated, his name was and is not widely known because his works were published anonymously or under false names for political reasons. This phenomenon has eclipsed his identity as a translator and obstructed research, while the most influential analyses of his translations tend to be marked by the above-mentioned political bias. Noting these limitations on, and distortions of, interpretations of Mr. Fu's work as a translator in Taiwan and mainland China, this study aims to reconstruct his image through solid archeological research, and to discuss his translation career from the perspective of his background, training and status. Its goal is to analyze the connections between Fu's social background and the works he chose to translate, between his training and his translation strategies, and between his status and the criticisms of his translations. It is hoped that this analysis can shed new light on two criticisms in particular, the ones that most seriously damaged Mr. Fu's career.