After balancing between patients' right to life and right to autonomy, the "Hospice Palliative Care Act" was enacted to draw the line. The aim of this article is to discuss difficulties and challenges faced by the "Hospice Palliative Care Act". Standpoints of patients' right to life, patients' right to autonomy, and family's right based on relationship, physician's considerations of medical ethics, medical institutions' realistic operation cost, and nation's obligation of protecting lives are all considered. After struggling, bargaining, and compromising, legislators empowered by the people came up with the "Hospice Palliative Care Act". It could be foreseen that topics of ethical controversies and right protection will go on along with progressing related to medical technology. And this is the time to highlight Taiwan's matured democratic spirit.