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題名：恐懼的變數：日夜變化對眺匿平衡的影響
書刊名：戶外遊憩研究
作者：施景堯／周紓帆／鄭佳昆
作者(外文)：Shih, Jing-yao／Chou, Shu-farn／Cheng, Chia-kuen
出版日期：2015
卷期：28:3
頁次：頁93-120
主題關鍵詞：眺匿理論；恐懼感；眺望；藏匿；Fear；Prospect；Prospect-refuge theory；Refuge
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(2) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:2
  • 共同引用共同引用:3
  • 點閱點閱:8
Appleton（1975）的眺匿理論基於生物「偵測威脅」與「迴避威脅」本能，認為提供眺望及藏匿特性的環境應較受偏好。眺匿理論雖有多方研究，卻經常有解釋與脈絡不一的問題，特別是Appleton所提出眺匿於日間夜間主客反轉的戲劇效果以及直接與間接的觀點並沒有受到太多實証研究的重視。本研究目的即檢視Appleton的眺匿理論及相關學說，以釐清眺匿理論對恐懼感及偏好的效果。本研究採照片問卷法進行，針對大學校園中6個地點的日夜照片進行眺望、藏匿、偏好及恐懼的評估。結果顯示景觀的眺望特質可增進景觀偏好、減少恐懼；而藏匿特質反之。儘管受測者對直接和間接無法明顯的區分，但部分驗證Appleton的日夜反轉效果，在日夜間各評價有顯著差異，夜間較日間更偏好眺望特質而較不偏好藏匿特質。本結果可補充相關之文獻並應用於景觀規劃。
The prospect-refuge theory is based on the human nature of detecting and avoiding threats and believing that environment with the characters of ＂prospect＂ and ＂refuge＂ preferred. Appleton suggested that the value of ＂prospect＂ and ＂refuge＂ changes from the shifting of day and night. The theory is widely cited, but there were often problems caused by differences in the interpretations and context, especially as regards the issue of day and night. This study examines the effects of prospect-refuge factors on emotional assessment and the changes caused by the shifting of day and night as proposed by Appleton. A photo-based survey was conducted for this study. Six locations on a university campus were selected and photographed during the day and the night. On-site respondents were requested to record their feelings as regards prospect, refuge, preference, and fear towards the scenes in the pictures. Results showed that prospect characteristics can increase landscape preference and reduce fear, whereas refuge characteristics evoked exactly the opposite feelings. Alternatively, these effects were observed to be stronger at night. However, the differences between primary and secondary perspectives of prospect-refuge factors were obvious, which suggests it may be difficult for people to differentiate between these two perspectives. We also have partially confirmed that the day-night switching effect proposed by Appleton. Differences were found between day and night for the research variables. At night, in particular, subjects were found to prefer ＂prospect＂ characteristics rather than ＂refuge＂ characteristics. The study suggests landscape design projects need to be careful of lighting environments at night as well as to consider the double-edged features of refuge characteristics.
期刊論文
1.Bixler, R. D.、Floyd, M. F.(1997)。Nature is scary, disgusting, and uncomfortable。Environment and Behavior，29(4)，443-467。  new window
2.Herzog, Thomas R.、Kropscott, Laura S.(2004)。Legibility, mystery, and visual access as predictors of preference and perceived danger in forest settings without pathways。Environment and Behavior，36(5)，659-677。  new window
3.Blobaum, A.、Hunecke, M.(2005)。Perceived danger in urban public space: The impact of physical features and personal features。Environment and Behavior，37(4)，465-486。  new window
4.Loewen, L. J.、Steel, G. D.、Suedfeld, P.(1993)。Perceived safety from crime in the urban environment。Journal of Environmental Psychology，13(4)，323-331。  new window
5.Andrews, M.、Gatersleben, B.(2010)。Variations in perceptions of danger, fear and preference in a simulated natural environment。Journal of Environmental Psychology，30(4)，473-481。  new window
6.Appleton, J.(1984)。Prospects and refuges re-visited。Landscape Journal，3(2)，91-103。  new window
7.Fischer, M. A.、Shrout, P. E.(2006)。Children's liking of landscape paintings as a function of their perceptions of prospect, refuge, and hazard。Environment and Behavior，38(3)，373-393。  new window
8.Gabriel, U.、Greve, W.(2003)。The psychology of fear of crime: Conceptual and methodological perspectives。The British Journal of Criminology，43(3)，600-614。  new window
9.Geer, J. H.(1965)。The development of a scale to measure fear。Behavior Research and Therapy，3(1)，45-53。  new window
10.Jorgensen, L. J.、Ellis, G. D.、Ruddell, E.(2012)。Fear perceptions in public parks: Interactions of environmental concealment, the presence of people recreating, and gender。Environment and Behavior，45(7)，803-820。  new window
11.Menzies, R. G.、Clarke, J. C.(1995)。Danger expectancies and insight in acrophobia。Behaviour Research and Therapy，33(2)，215-221。  new window
12.Rapee, R.(1997)。Perceived threat and perceived control as predictors of the degree of fear in physical and social situations。Journal of Anxiety Disorders，11(5)，455-461。  new window
13.Schaller, M.、Park, J. H.、Mueller, A.(2003)。Fear of the dark: Interactive effects of beliefs about danger and ambient darkness on ethnic stereotypes。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，29(5)，637-649。  new window
14.Um, S.、Crompton, J. L.(1986)。The importance of testing for a significant difference between two pearson pruduct-moment correlation coefficients。Journal of Leisure Research，18(3)，206-209。  new window
15.Vaske, J. J.、Donnelly, M. P.、Williams, D. R.、Jonker, S.(2001)。Demographic influences on environmental value orientations and normative beliefs about national forest management。Society & Natural Resources，14(9)，761-776。  new window
16.Hagerhall, C. M.(2000)。Clustering predictors of landscape preference in the traditional Swedish cultural landscape: Prospect-refuge, mystery, age and management。Journal of Environmental Psychology，20(1)，89-90。  new window
17.Herzog, T. R.、Bryce, A.(2007)。Mystery and preference in within-forest settings。Environment and Behavior，39(6)，779-796。  new window
18.Herzog, Thomas R.、Kutzli, Glenn E.(2002)。Preference and Perceived Danger in Field/Forest Settings。Environment And Behavior，34(6)，819-835。  new window
19.Nasar, J. L.、Jones, K. M.(1997)。Landscapes of fear and stress。Environment and Behavior，29(3)，291-323。  new window
20.Stamps, A. E. III(2005)。Visual permeability, locomotive permeability, safety, and enclosure。Environment and Behavior，37(5)，587-619。  new window
21.van den Berg, A. E.,、Ter Heijne, M.(2005)。Fear versus fascination: An exploration of emotional responses to natural threats。Journal of Environmental Psychology，25(3)，261-272。  new window
22.Herzog, T. R.、Smith, G. A.(1988)。Danger, Mystery, and Environmental Preference。Environment and Behavior，20(3)，320-344。  new window
23.Fisher, B. S.、Nasar, J. L.(1992)。Fear of crime in relation to three exterior site features: Prospect, refuge, and escape。Environment & Behavior，24(1)，35-65。  new window
24.黃崑山(20070300)。校園規劃的遠景與機制：一個都市設計範型。建築學報，59，189-202。new window  延伸查詢new window
25.Clamp, P.、Powell, M.(1982)。Prospect-refuge theory under test。Landscape Research，7(3)，7-8。  new window
26.Mumcu, S.、Düzenli, T.、Özbilen, A.(2010)。Prospect and refuge as the predictors of preference for seating areas。Scientific Research and Essays，5(11)，1223-1233。  new window
研究報告
1.Daniel, T. C.、Boster, R. S.(1976)。Measuring Landscape Esthetics: The Scenic Beauty Estimation Method。Fort Collins, CO：Rocky Mountain Forest：Range Experiment Station Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture。  new window
學位論文
1.王彥力(2008)。眺望-藏匿性環境之景觀認知與視覺注意力研究(碩士論文)。逢甲大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.江彥政(2009)。自然環境資訊對心理評價反應影響之模式(博士論文)。國立中興大學。  延伸查詢new window
3.施景堯(2013)。恐懼的性質：從視覺注意力到眺匿理論(碩士論文)。國立臺灣大學。  延伸查詢new window
4.柯嘉鈞(2011)。不同景觀空間類型之眺匿涵構比較研究(博士論文)。國立中興大學。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.段義孚、潘桂成(2008)。恐懼。臺北：立緒文化事業公司。  延伸查詢new window
2.Wilson, Edward O.(1984)。Biophilia: The human bond with other species。Harvard University Press。  new window
3.Appleton, Jay(1975)。The Experience of Landscape。John Wiley & Sons, Inc.。  new window
4.Kaplan, Rachel、Kaplan, Stephen(1989)。The experience of nature: A psychological perspective。Cambridge University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.Baum, A.、Singer, J. E.、Flemming, R.(1985)。Understanding environmental stress。Advances in Environmental Psychology, Vol. 5: Methods and Environmental Psychology。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。  new window
2.Taylor, R. B.(1989)。Toward an environmental psychology of disorder: Delinquency crime and fear of crime。Handbook of Environmental Psychology。New York：John Wiley。  new window
3.Larson, R.、Delespaul, P. A. E. G.(1992)。Analyzing experience sampling data: A guidebook for the perplexed。The Experience of Psychopathology: Investigating Mental Disorders in Their Natural Settings。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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