本文的目的在提示一種選舉與選舉制度研究的方法論思考，並將選舉制度改革的評估視為個案取向的問題，檢視其評估策略。本文主張結合歷史結構論的辯證分析，才能補充多元論或通則化理論在選舉與選舉制度研究上的不足。最後並以臺灣選舉制度之改革為例，提出該方法論下應有的評估策略。

　　　　　The main purpose of this paper is to provide a forum in which a methodolgies employed in the study of election and electoral systems are discussed. We recognize that each methodology with its inherent limitations can only be suitable for some specific questions. In this paper, we examine the differences between the studies using variable-oriented approach on the basis of pluralism leading to general statements, and the studies using case-oriented approach on the basis of elitism leading to interpretive statements about specific case. This paper concludes, based on Taiwan case, that the dialectical methodology and historical-structural approach should be well reconciled to broaden the analytical horizon. Only be so doing will the insufficiencies in the studies based on variable-oriented approach be overcome.