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題名:印尼族群政治研究:宗教,地域與種族
作者:戴萬平
作者(外文):Wan-Ping Tai
校院名稱:國立中山大學
系所名稱:中山學術研究所
指導教授:顧長永
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2002
主題關鍵詞:想像共同體回教政黨印尼華人班查西拉印尼政治爪哇中心主義族群政治印尼民族主義Indonesian ChineseEthnic PoliticMuslim PartyIndonesia NationalismIndonesia PoliticPancasilaImagined CommunityJava Centralism
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本論文是以Anderson「想像共同體」的理論為開端,由「國家民族主義」的角度,透過「歷史國家的分析方法」,研究印尼族群政治的發展;並藉由歷史事件的分析,呈現印尼族群政治現象。依循印尼民族主義的發展,本論文將印尼政治的歷史特性分期為「獨立前期」、「國家整合」、「國家統合」、「民主轉型」等四個歷史階段中「國家經營支配」與「族群團體政治動員」交錯關係。
本論文研究認為:印尼國家的本質是一個想像的共同體,決定印尼國家社會的分歧性。而獨立初期國家缺乏有效的整合機制、新秩序時期的統合統治,造成族群之間的不對等關係,是民主化後族群政治衝突出現的原因,也是決定印尼族群政治的總體因素。影響印尼族群政治的個體因素包括宗教的文化因素;地域的經濟因素、國際政治的歷史因素;種族的移民因素、經濟因素…塑造了族群意識與族群認同。在上述總體與個體層次的作用下,當今印尼族群政治所呈現的現象是:a.宗教:回教政黨政治競爭、體制外的宗教抗爭、地區性的宗教衝突。b.地域:分離主義、外島地區要求區域自治、或要求採行聯邦主義。c.種族:反華暴動、因內部移民政策引發的地區性的種族仇殺。以上三個層次的因素與呈現出的族群政治現象,是本論文對印尼族群政治的研究發現。
This thesis starts from Anderson’s theory of “Imagined Community”, through the angle of “Nationalism” and the “Historical State Approach”, to study the development of ethnic politics in Indonesia. In the analysis of historic events, this research hopes to represent the phenomenon of ethnic politics in Indonesia. According to the development of Indonesian Nationalism, this dissertation divides the political history in Indonesia into four stages, “the independent stage”, “the national integration stage”, “the national cooperation stage“ and “the democratic transformation stage”, also there are two factors----“the state dominate” and “the ethnic group politic mobilization” ---- being cross-compared their relations within the four historic stages.
This thesis concludes: Indonesia as an “imagined community”, which leads the cleavage in the Indonesian national society. Lack of efficient institution for national integration at the beginning of the national independence, the cooperation politics in the New Order stage, both tended to build the inequality between different ethnic groups, which is the main reason for racial conflict after the democratization, and also the general factor affecting the ethnic politics in Indonesia. Individual factors affecting the ethnic politics in Indonesia include elements of the culture in religion, of the economy in region and the history in international politics, of the racial immigration and economy…which form the ethnic consciousness and ethnic identity. Under the effects of the general and individual levels, nowadays the Indonesian ethnic politics presents itself as:A. Religion: Muslim parties contestation, the religious demonstration outside the institution, and the regional conflicts in religion. B. Region: secessionism, islanders demanding for regional autonomy or for federalism. C. Race: race violence against Indonesian Chinese, regional racial murders caused by the interior immigration policy. This dissertation concludes with elements of the above three levels, which show the phenomenon of contemporary ethnic politics in Indonesia.
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Juan J. Linzm and Alfred Stepan原著,江大樹摘譯,「邁向鞏固化的民主政治:五場領域與三項可克服之障礙」,國策雙周刊,第120期。
Michael R. J. Vatikiotis著,林若雩譯,東南亞政治與發展(台北:韋伯,1999)。
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楊聰榮,「暴動歷史、族群關係與政治變遷:印尼歷史上的政權轉移與反華暴動」,發表自中央研究院東南亞區域研究計劃主辦,台灣的東南亞區域研究年度研討會1999,台北,1999年4月。new window
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戴萬平、顧長永,「多種族主義與新加坡的國家認同」,國立中山大學社會科學季刊,第2卷第2期,2000。
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戴萬平、顧長永,「經濟發展、民主化與族群政治:馬來西亞的個案」,問題與研究,第40卷第6期,2001。new window
羅石圃主編,東南亞國家國際關係論叢(台北:政治大學國際關係研究中心,1983)。
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顧長永,印尼:政治經濟與社會(高雄:麗文,2002)。

二、報章雜誌與網站
Asiaweek
FEER
Inside Indonesia
Newsweek
Straits Times(Singapore)
Tempo
The Economist
The Jakarta Post
Times
中國時報
亞洲週刊
聯合早報(新加坡)
聯合報
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