| 期刊論文| 1. | Auer, J. J.(1962)。The counterfeit debates。The Great Bebates: Background Perspective, Effects，142-150。   | | 2. | Drew, D.、Weaver, D.(1991)。Voter learning in the 1988 presidential election: did the debates and the media matter?。Journalism Quarterly，68(12)，27-37。 | | 3. | Kraus, R. M.、Apple, W.、Morency, N.、Wenzel, C.、Winton, W.(1981)。Verbal, vocal and visible factors in judgments of another's affect。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，8，121-130。 | | 4. | Patterson, M. L.、Churchill, M. E.、Burger, G. K.、Powell, J. L.(1992)。Verbal and nonverbal modality effects on impressions of political candidates: analysis from the 1984 presidential debates。Communication Monographs，59，231-242。 | | 5. | Surlin, S. H.、Gordon, T. F.(1977)。How value affect attitudes toward direct reference political advertising。Journalism Quarterly，54，89-98。 | | 6. | Thorson, E.、Christ, W. G.、Caywood, C.(1991)。Effect of issue-image strategies, attack and support appeals, music, and visual content in political commercials。Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media，35(4)，465-486。 | | 7. | Garramone, G. M.(1984)。Voter responses to negative political ads。Journalism Quarterly，61(2)，250-259。 | | 8. | Garramone, Gina M.、Atkin, Charles K.、Pinkleton, Bruce E.、Cole, Richard T.(1990)。Effects of negative political advertising on the political process。Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media，34(3)，299-311。 | | 9. | Kaid, Lynda Lee、Johnston, Anne(1991)。Negative versus positive television advertising in U.S. Presidential campaigns, 1960-1988。Journal of Communication，41(3)，53-64。 | 會議論文| 1. | 鄭自隆(1993)。政黨電視競選宣傳之負面廣告內容分析。一九九三中文傳播研究暨教學研討會，國立政治大學傳播學院主辦 (會議日期: 19930700)。 延伸查詢 | 學位論文| 1. | 夏珍(1987)。地方公職選舉候選人宣傳單之論題結構與策略分析(碩士論文)。國立政治大學。 延伸查詢 | 圖書| 1. | 陳義彥、陳世敏(1990)。七十八年選舉的報紙新聞與廣告內容分析。財團法人張榮發基金會國家政策研究資料中心。 延伸查詢 | | 2. | Joslyn, R. A.(1984)。Mass Media Elections。Reading, MA：Addson-Wesley。 | | 3. | Nimmo, D.(1978)。Political Communication and Pubulic Opinion in America。Santa Monica, CA：Goodyear。 | | 4. | Bradley, B. E.(1991)。Fundamentals of Speech Communication。Dubuque, IA：Wm. C. Brown。 | | 5. | Kraus, S.(1988)。Televised Presidential Debates and Public Policy。Hillsdale, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum。 | | 6. | Kern, M.(1989)。30-Second Politics: Political Advertising in the Eighties。New York：Praeger。 | | 7. | Johnson-Carter, Karen S.、Copeland, Gary A.(1991)。Negative Political Advertising: Coming of Age。Hillsdale, NJ：Erlbaum。 | 圖書論文| 1. | Exline, R. V.(1985)。Multichannel transmission of nonverbal behavior and the perception of powerful men: the presidential debates of 1976。Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior。New York, NY：Springer-Verlag。 | |