:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:Helplessness and Self-Blame Attributions in Depression: Investigation of One Possible Resolution of This Paradox Among College Students in Taiwan
書刊名:教育心理學報
作者:吳麗娟
出版日期:1995
卷期:28
頁次:頁251-283
主題關鍵詞:HelplessnessSelf-blameAttributionDepressionResolution of the paradox憂鬱矛盾現象
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:60
  • 點閱點閱:27
     憂鬱者常有「憂鬱矛現象」(depression paradox)—覺得無助又自責;一方面他們有強烈的無助感,相信自己對事物沒有影響力,另一方面又認為自己有很大的影響力,因為一切困擾都是他們引起的。在文獻中,S的憂鬱無助論和Beck的憂鬱認知論,亦形成理論上的矛盾。本研究的目的乃運用Janoff-Bulmsn的自積歸因理論(self-blame sttributions)來驗證此矛盾現象。Janoff-Bulman認為自責有兩種:個性自責(characterological self-blame)和行為自責(behavioral self-blame),且唯有「個性自責」才會引起憂鬱、無助,而行為自責則是較具建設性的自責方式。 本研究的研究對像係取自國立台灣師範大學,依年級、學院別分層隨機取樣1000位學生,以Beck的憂鬱量表及自行修訂的歸因型態問卷(一)(測無助感)、歸因型態問卷(二)(測自責)為評量工具,所得資料分別以積差相關和階層迴歸分析進行處理。本研究的主要發現如下:(一)自責和無助感均與憂鬱呈現顯著正相關。此結果支持Seligman無助和Beck認知論,同時也支擾「憂鬱矛盾現象」的存在性。(二)個性自責與憂鬱、無助感之間皆呈現顯著正相關,然而,行為自責與憂鬱、無助感亦均呈現著正相關。前者的結果支持Janoff-Bulaman的自責歸因理論,但是後者的結果與其理論不符。(三)探索性的迴歸分析發現無助感和個性自責均可顯著預測憂鬱的傾向,且各自均有5%的獨特的解釋變異量。然而,行為自責所能解釋憂鬱的部分則微乎其徵。此外,憂鬱和個性自責均可顯著預測無助感,其獨特的解釋變異量分別是5%和4%然而,行為自責在獨立解釋無助感的變異量也十分徵小。(四)本研究的結果支持個性自責、無助感與憂鬱的關係,但並未發現行為自責獨立存在的事實,需要再作進一步的研究探討。最後,研究者根據上述研究結果、研究限制、輔導之應用和未來研究的方向等四方面,進行進一步的討論並提出建議,以供未來研究之參考。
      Depressed persons often feel helpless to change their environment, and at the same time blame themselves for being the cause of misfortune. Paradoxically, they believe they have no effect on events, and in another sense they believe they have powerful effects. The purpose of this study was to examine a resolution of this paradox offered by Janoff-Bulman's model of self-blame attributions for depression which distinguishes between "behavioral self-blame" and characterological self-blame". In this study, college students in Taiwan were administered three Chinese versions of instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Attributional Style Questionnaire-a measure of helpessness, and the Self-Blame Scale. Of 1443 students who returned surveys, a stratified sample of 1000 participants was analyzed. Six research hypotheses were derived from Janoff-Bulman's model. Correlational evidence supported four of the six. Both general self-blame and helpessness weree signfi-cantly positively correlated with depression. These findings support both Beck's and Seligman's model of depression, and support the existence of the paradox of belief in which depressed persons feel both helpless and self-blame about the same event. As predicted by Janoff-Bulman's model, characteroogical self-blame was signify-cantly correlated with depression and helpessness. However, contrary to predictions, behavioral self-blame was also significantly correlated with depression and help-lessness. Thus, findings of this study supported Janoff-Bulaman's of self-blame with regard to assumptions about characterological self-blame, but not with regard to assumptions about behavioral self-blame. Additional exploratory multiple-regression analyses found that helpessness and characterological self-blame were significant predictors of depression. Each uniquely predicted about 5% of the variance in depression. However, behavioral self-blame accounted for only a trivial amount of unique variance. Additionally, depression and characterological self-blame were significant predictors of helplessness, uniquely explaining 5% and 4% of the variance, respectively. Again, behavioral self-blame accounted for only a trivial amount of unique variance. Results of this study provide support for an association between characterological self-blame, helpessness, and depression. Implications and limitations of these findings, as well as suggestions for further research are discussed.
期刊論文
1.Frazier, P. A.(1990)。Victim attributions and post-rape trauma。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,59(2),298-304。  new window
2.Meyer, C.、Taylor, S.(1986)。Adjustment to rape。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50,1226-1234。  new window
3.Anderson, C. A.、Horowitz, L. M.、French, R.(1983)。Attributional style of lonely and depressed people。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,45,127-136。  new window
4.Coyne, J. C.、Aldwin, C.、Lazarus, R. S.(1981)。Depression and coping in stressful episodes。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,90(5),439-447。  new window
5.Bordieri, J. E.、Kilbury, R.(1991)。Self-blame attributions for disability and perceived rehabilitation outcomes。Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin,34(4),34-42。  new window
6.Brown, J. D.、Siegel, J. M.(1988)。Attributions for negative life events and depression: The role of perceived control。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54(2),316-322。  new window
7.Peterson, C.、Semmel, A.、Baeyer, C. V.、Abramson, L. Y.、Metalshy, G. I.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1982)。The Attributional Style Questionnaire。Cognitive Therapy and Research,6(3),287-300。  new window
8.Follette, V. M.、Jacobson, N. S.(1987)。Importance of attributions as a predictor of how people cope with failure。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52,1205-1211。  new window
9.Affleck, G.、Tennen, H.、Croog, S.、Levine, S.(1987)。Causal attribution, perceived benefits, and morbidity after a heart attack: an 8-year study。Journal of consulting and clinical psychology,55(1),29-35。  new window
10.Peterson, Christopher、Seligman, Martin E. P.(1984)。Causal explanations as a risk factor for depression: Theory and evidence。Psychological Review,91(3),347-374。  new window
11.Hiroto, D. S.(1974)。Locus of control and learned helplessness。Journal of Experimental Psychology,102,187。  new window
12.Miller, Dale T.、Ross, Michael(1975)。Self-serving biases in the attribution of causality: Fact or fiction?。Psychological Bulletin,82(2),213-225。  new window
13.Taylor, Shelley E.、Lichtman, Rosemary R.、Wood, Joanne V.(1984)。Attributions, beliefs about control, and adjustment to breast cancer。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,46(3),489-502。  new window
14.Hiroto, D. S.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1975)。Generality of learned helplessness in man。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,31(2),311-327。  new window
15.柯慧貞(19910600)。The Cognitive Style Test and Cognitive Error Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties and Relation to Depression in Chinese。中華精神醫學,5(2),85-93。  new window
16.Miller, D.、Porter, C.(1983)。Self-blame in victims of violence。Journal of Social Issues,39,139-152。  new window
17.Brewin, C. R.(1985)。Depression and causal attributions: What is their relation?。Psychological Bulletin,98(2),297-309。  new window
18.Abramson, L. Y.、Seligman, M. E. P.、Teasdale, J. D.(1978)。Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,87(1),49-74。  new window
19.Dweck, C. S.(1975)。The Role of Expectations and Attributions in the Alleviation of Learned Helplessness。Journal of Personality and Social psychology,31(4),674-685。  new window
20.Seligman, Martin E. P.、Abramson, Lyn Y.、Semmel, Amy、von Baeyer, Carl(1979)。Depressive Attributional Style。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,88(3),242-247。  new window
21.Sweeney, Paul D.、Anderson, Karen、Bailey, Scott(198605)。Attributional style in Depression: a meta-analytic review。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(5),974-991。  new window
22.Abbey, A.(1987)。Perceptions of personal avoidability versus responsibility: How do they differ?。Basic and Applied Social Psychology,8(1),3-19。  new window
23.Abrams, R. D.、Finesinger, J. E.(1953)。Guilt reactions in patients with cancer。Cancer,6,474-482。  new window
24.Abramson, L. Y.、Sackeim, H.(1977)。A paradox in depression: Uncontrollability and self-blame。Psychological Bulletin,84,838-851。  new window
25.Barnett, P. A.、Gotlib, I. H.(1990)。Cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms among men and women。Cognitive Therapy and Research,14(1),47-61。  new window
26.Biener, L.(1983)。Perceptions of patients by emergency room staff: Substance abusers versus non-substance abusers。Journal of Health and Social Behavior,24,264-275。  new window
27.Bordieri, J. E.、Comninel, M. E.、Drehmer, D. E.(1989)。Client attributions for disability: Perceived accuracy, adjustment, and coping。Rehabilitation Psychology,34(4),271-279。  new window
28.Carver, C. S.、Ganellen, R. J.、Behar-Mitrani, V.(1985)。Depression and cognitive style: Comparisons between measures。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49(3),722-728。  new window
29.Chodoff, P.、Friedman, S. B.、Hamburg, D. A.(1964)。Stress, defenses, and coping behavior: Observations in parents of children with malignant diseases。American Journal of Psychiatry,120,743-749。  new window
30.Cochran, S. D.、Hammen, C. L.(1985)。Perceptions of stressful life events and depression: A test of attributional models。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48,1562-1571。  new window
31.Coyne, J. C.、Gotlib, I. H.(1983)。The role of cognition in depression: A critical appraisal。Psychological Bulletin,94,472-505。  new window
32.Garber, J.、Hollon, S. D.(1980)。Universal versus personal helplessness in depression: Belief in uncontrollability or incompetence。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,89,56-66。  new window
33.Gotlib, I. H.、Beatty, M. E.(1985)。Negative responses to depression: The role of attributional style。Cognitive Therapy and Research,9(1),91-103。  new window
34.Hammen, C. L.、Cochran, S. D.(1981)。Cognitive correlates of life stress and depression in college students。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,90(1),23-27。  new window
35.Hammen, C.、Krantz, S.、Cochran, S.(1981)。Relationships between depression and causal attributions about stressful life events。Cognitive Therapy and Research,5(4),351-358。  new window
36.Hammen, C.、Mayol, A.(1982)。Depression and cognitive characteristics of stressful life-event types。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,91(3),165-174。  new window
37.Heinemann, A.、Bulka, M.、Smetak, S.(1988)。Attributions and disability acceptance following traumatic injury: A replication and extension。Rehabilitation Psychology,33,195-206。  new window
38.Janoff-Bulman, R.(1982)。Esteem and control bases of blame: "Adaptive" strategies for victims and observers。Journal of Personality,50(2),180-192。  new window
39.Janoff-Bulman, R.、Wortman, C. B.(1977)。Attributions of blame and coping in the ''real world'': Severe accident victims react to their lot。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,35(5),351-363。  new window
40.Klein, D. C.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1976)。Reversal of performance deficits and perceptual deficits in learned helplessness and depression。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,85,11-26。  new window
41.Laxer, R. M.(1964)。Relation of real self-rating to mood and blame and their interaction in depression。Journal of Consulting Psychology,28,538-546。  new window
42.Lester, D.(1989)。A depression paradox theory of suicide。Personality Individual Difference,10(10),1103-1104。  new window
43.Lewinsohn, P. M.、Steinmetz, J. C.、Larson, D. W.、Franklin, J.(1981)。Depressionrelated cognitions: Antecedent or consequence。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,90(3),213-219。  new window
44.Manne, S.、Sandler, I.(1984)。Coping and adjustment to genital herpes。Journal of Behavioral Medicine,7(4),391-409。  new window
45.Miller, I. W.、Klee, S. H.、Norman, W. H.(1982)。Depressed and nondepressed inpatients' cognitions of hypothetical events, experimental tasks, and stressful life events。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,91(1),78-81。  new window
46.Miller, W. R.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1973)。Depression and the perception of reinforcement。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,82,62-73。  new window
47.Miller, W. R.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1975)。Depression and learned helplessness in man。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,84,228-238。  new window
48.Oliver, J. M.、Williams, G.(1979)。The psychology of depression as revealed by attribution of causality in college students。Cognitive Therapy and Research,3(4),355-360。  new window
49.Peterson, C.(1979)。Uncontrollability and self-blame in depression: Investigation of the paradox in a college population。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,88(6),620-624。  new window
50.Peterson, C.、Schwartz, S. M.、Seligman, M. E. P.(1981)。Self-blame and depressive symptoms。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,41(2),253-259。  new window
51.Phares, E. J.、Wilson, K. G.、Klyver, N. W.(1971)。Internal-external control and the attribution of blame under neutral and distractive conditions。Journal of Person ality and Social Psychology,18(3),285-288。  new window
52.Rizley, R.(1978)。Depression and distortion in the attribution of causality。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,87(1),32-48。  new window
53.Robins, C. J.、Block, P.(1989)。Cognitive theories of depression viewed from a diathesis-stress perspective: Evaluations of the models of Beck and of Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale。Cognitive Therapy and Research,13(4),297-313。  new window
54.Schulz, R.、Decker, S.(1985)。Long-term adjustment to physical disability: The role of social support, perceived control, and self-blame。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,48(5),1162-1172。  new window
55.Shaver, K. G.、Drown, D.(1986)。On causality, responsibility, and self-blame: A theoretical note。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(4),697-702。  new window
56.Tennen, H.、Affleck, G.、Allen, D.、McGrade, B.、Ratzan, S.(1984)。Causal attributions and coping with insulin-dependent diabetes。Basic and Applied Social Psychology,5,131-142。  new window
57.Tennen, H.、Affleck, G.、Gershman, K.(1986)。Self-blame among parents of infants with perinatal complications: The role of self-protective motives。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,50(4),690-696。  new window
58.Timko, C.、Janoff-Bulman, R.(1985)。Attributions, vulnerability, and psychological adjustment: The case of breast cancer。Health Psychology,4,521-544。  new window
59.Wener, A. E.、Rehm, L. P.(1975)。Depressive affect: A test of behavioral hypotheses。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,84,221-227。  new window
60.Wortman, C. B.、Dintzer, L.(1978)。Is an attributional analysis of the learned helplessness phenomenon viable?: A critique of the Abramson-Seligman-Teasdale reformulation。Journal of Abnormal Psychology,87,75-90。  new window
61.Zuroff, D. C.、Igreja, I.、Mongrain, M.(1990)。Dysfunctional attitudes, dependency, and self-criticism as predictors of depressive mood states: A 12-month longitudinal study。Cognitive Therapy and Research,14(3),315-326。  new window
62.莊耀嘉、黃光國(19811200)。國中學生的成敗歸因與無助感特徵。中華心理學刊,23(2),155-164。new window  延伸查詢new window
63.Janoff-Bulman, Ronnie(1979)。Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,37(10),1798-1809。  new window
會議論文
1.Banks, L. M.、Goggin, W. C.(1983)。The relationship of locus of control and attribution to depression。Annual Meeting of the South eastern Psychological Association。  new window
2.Hindin, D. A.、Zautra, A. J.、Reich, J. W.(1984)。Cognitions of ordinary events: Their relationship to depression。The 92nd Annual Covention of the American Psychological Association。Toronto, Ontario。  new window
3.Kavan, M. G.、Dowd, E. T.(1984)。Attributional counseling for depression: Effects of characterological versus external interpretations。The Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association。Toronto, Ontario。  new window
4.Valdez, R. L.(1985)。Self-blame and sex-role beliefs in domestic violence victims。Annual Meeting of the Western Psychological Association。  new window
學位論文
1.柯慧貞(1989)。內因性憂鬱症與非內因性憂鬱症在腎上腺皮質素抑制反應、認知偏差及生活壓力上之比較(博士論文)。國立台灣大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Kerman, F. M.(1981)。Personal helplessness among depressed boy: A partial resolution of the paradox of uncontrollability and self-blame(博士論文)。Loyola University。  new window
3.Porter, C. A.(1983)。Blaine, depression and coping in battered women(博士論文)。The University of British Columbia,Vancouver。  new window
4.Smurthwaite, T. J.(1989)。Examining the relationship between despair over nuclear war and adolescent depression(博士論文)。University of Oregon。  new window
5.Sowards, P.(1986)。A correlational and predictive study of depression in women following abortion(博士論文)。University of Oregon。  new window
6.Tassone, J. D.(1982)。Depression: The relationship between self-blame and just world belief(博士論文)。California State University。  new window
7.Woemer, R. P.(1980)。Relationship of depression to attitudes toward the self, the future, and blame(碩士論文)。Miami University,Oxford, Ohio。  new window
圖書
1.Freeman, A.、Pretzer, J.、Fleming, B.、Simon, K.(1990)。Clinical applications of cognitive therapy。New York:Plenum。  new window
2.Beck, G. A. T.、Rush, A. J.、Shaw, B. F.、Emery, G.(1979)。Cognitive therapy of depression。New York:Guilford Press。  new window
3.Beck, A. T.(1967)。Depression: Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects。New York:Harper & Row。  new window
4.McMullin, R. E.(1986)。Handbook of cognitive therapy techniques。New York:W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
5.Bond, M. H.(1991)。Beyond the Chinese face: insight from psychology。Hong Kong:Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Seligman, M. E. P.(1975)。Helplessness: On depression development, and death。San Francisco, CA:Freeman Press。  new window
7.Valins, S.、Nisbett, R. E.(1971)。Attribution processes in the development and treatment of emotional disorders。New York, NY:General Learning Press。  new window
8.Beck, A. T.(1976)。Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects。New York:Harper & Row。  new window
單篇論文
1.Bauer, A.(1987)。Learned helplessness: Shifts in affect following uncontrollability and the relationship to attributional style,The University of Alabama in Huntsville。(ED 299484)。  new window
2.Janoff-Bulman, R.(1981)。Rape victims' behavioral/charactcrological self-blame,Amherst, Massachusetts:University of Massachusetts。  new window
圖書論文
1.Beck, A. T.、Weishaar, M.(1989)。Cognitive therapy。Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy。New York, NY:Plenum Press。  new window
2.Janoff-Bulman, R.(1985)。The aftermath of victimization rebuilding shattered assumptions。Trauma and its wake: The study and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder。New York:Brunner/Mazel。  new window
3.Katz, B.、Burt, M.(1988)。Self-blame: Help or hindrance in recovery from rape?。Rape and sexual assault。New York:Garland。  new window
4.Wilson, R. W.(1981)。Moral behavior in Chinese society: A theoretical perspective。Moral behavior in Chinese society。New York:Praeger。  new window
5.Ickes, W. J.、Layden, M. A.(1978)。Attributional Styles。New directions in attribution research。Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
6.Beck, A. T.、Shaw, B. F.(1977)。Cognitive approaches to depression。Handbook of rational-emotive therapy。New York:Springer Publishing Company。  new window
7.Brewin, C. R.(1982)。Adaptive aspects of self-blame in coping with accidental injury。Attributions and psychological change。New York:Academic Press。  new window
8.Coleman, R. E.、Beck, A. A.(1981)。Cognitive therapy for depression。Depression: Behavioral and directive intervention strategies。New York:Garland STPM Press。  new window
9.Dweck, C. S.、Goetz, T. E.(1978)。Attributions and learned helplessness。New directions in attribution research。Hillsdale, New Jersey:Erlbaum。  new window
10.Janoff-Bulman, R.、Hecker, B.(1988)。Depression, vulnerability, and world assumptions。Cognitive Processes in Depression。New York:Guilford。  new window
11.Janoff-Bulman, R.、Lang-Gunn, L.(1988)。Coping with disease, crime, and accidents: The role of self-blame attributions。Sodal cognition and clinical psychology。New York:Guilford。  new window
12.Peterson, C.(1982)。Learned helplessness and attributional interventions in depression。Attributions and psychological change。New York:Academic Press。  new window
13.Teasdale, J. D.(1989)。Cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder: Current status。New directions on affective disorders。New York:Springer-Verlag。  new window
14.Weiner, B.(1974)。Achievement motivation as conceptualized by an attribution theorist。Achievement motivation and attribution theory。General Learning Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE