中共自建立政權以來，國家機關的工資政策隨著政治經濟環境，歷經數 次重大的改革，探究中共國家機關工資政策的沿革，除了顯示中共中央集權 的決策風格之外，其政策也顯示一直是在「按勞分配」與「平均主義」兩種 意識形態之間交替發展，此種發展又中共內部的政治派系鬥爭衝突息息相 關。自一九七八年中共進行改革開放以來，調整國家機關工資政策，使之與 現代化的人事制度相互配合，以提高行政部門的效率，成為中共行政改革中 最重要的一環，尤其在一九九三年建立國家公務員制度中，中共積極地引進 現代化的工資觀念，針對國家機關的工資政策進行更深入的改革。國家公務 員的工資水平，無論在數額和實際購買力上均有顯著提昇，這對於激發公務 員工作誘因，提高行政效率和為政府保留優秀人才皆有正面影響。然而，工 資政策必然與其他人事制度相互關連，尤其嚴謹公正的考核制度是合理工資 政策的基礎，但是中央國家公務員考核制度仍是以思想政治表現為評估公務 員的重要考慮因素，因此在中共政治化的行政制度與行政文化的影響下，不 可能建立符合功績原則的工資政策，此項特色勢必將為中共行政現代化的改 革工作帶來阻力。本文針對中共國家機關工資政策的沿革，和現階段國家公 務員制度下的工資政策的得失進行分析，期能提出中共國家機關工資政策的 特色加以探討。

　　　　　Ever since the establishment of the communist regime in China, national wage policy for civil servants has undergone a series of momentous reforms following shifts in the political and economic environment. Our studies into the evolution of national wage policies under Communist China reveals that, in addition to a central totalitarianistic policy style, PRC policies have developed under two alternating ideological systems, the first wherein pay is distributed in accordance to one's work and a second egalitarian system. These developments are intrinsically related to political power struggles that have taken place between factions within the communist government. Since the beginning of reforms in 1978, the communist Chinese government has adjusted national wage policies to bring them in line with modern personnel systems in order to enhance the efficiency of administrative departments, making it the most important link in administrative reforms. China was particularly active in adopting modern wage concepts in the national civil service system set up in 1993. This system was directed at carrying out more extensive wage policy reforms for government organizations and the pay standards for civil servants notably increased. This served as a work incentive to raise the administrative efficiency of civil servants and thus helped to slow a government brain drain. National wage policies, however, must be linked with other personnel systems. This is especially true of an inflexibly fair civil service evaluation system which is the basis for rational wage policies, but in China, the thought and political performance of civil servants are still important factors in the national civil service evaluation system. Therefore, under the influence of the highly political environment and the administrative culture of the Communist Chinese administrative system, it is impossible to set up national wage policies based on merit. These particular features will hinder reforms in administrative modernization. This study analyzed the evolution of Communist China's national wage policies and the pros and cons of current national wage policies under the national civil service system. It discusses the special characteristics of Chinese Communist national wage policies.