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題名:國民政府時期建築師專業制度形成之研究
書刊名:城市與設計學報
作者:王俊雄孫全文謝宏昌 引用關係
作者(外文):Wang, Chun-hsiungSun, Chuan-wenHsieh, Horng-chang
出版日期:1999
卷期:9/10
頁次:頁81-116
主題關鍵詞:建築師專業建築法規國家權力ArchitectProfessionalismBuilding codeStatePower
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(1)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:71
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     本文嘗試從權力的角度,透過空間形式與專業間互構的討論,分三部份對近代中國建築師專業的建構提出新的解釋。首先,透過1930年之前國民政府時期建築法規沿革過程的分析,指出建構建築師專業的最大驅動力來自國家。因為「現代化」建國的需要,國民政府悟識到需將建築師建制到國家制度之中,以充當「基層建管人員」,好完成國家對空間管理的使命。其次,面對這個被強加的國家使命,建築師雖然在建制過程處於被動,但建築師一方面接受國家授與的專業權威與獨佔市場,一方面卻將此國家使命置於專業工作的邊緣位置。從《中國建築》這部專業學會期刊的內容分析中,我們發現建築師團體專業的核心論述是一套以「文化形式」為說詞的「式樣論」,而非上述的國家使命。第三,南京首都計畫在這個空間形式與專業互構過程中,是非常重要的。因為首都計畫中的某些空間議題,不僅實質牽引了國民政府對建築師專業的制度展布層面,與某些建築師對其「式樣論」內容的進一步特定化為中國「宮殿式」建築,也透露出近代中國建築師專業的建構僅是個國民政府與建築師之間的權力糾結過程,而非透過「公共領域」爭辯來的。因此這個權力過程最終薄弱了建築師專業所需的廣泛社會基礎。
     This paper attempts to provide a new interpretation on the establishment of architectural professionalism in modern China via interactions among style, profession and power. The paper is organized into three parts hereafter. First, after reassessing the modification processes of different building codes in the Nationalist Era before 1930, we find that the State is the most distinctive and dominating driving force in shaping architectural professionalism in modern China. Throughout the processes of Nationalist state-building movement for modernization, the State "frames" the architects as lower-level officers for the ordering and administrating of national territory. Such an idea is referred from Western colonies in China. Second, facing this "national mission" imposed by the State, Chinese architects accept the privileged professional authority and the monopolized market, while minimize the significance of this mission by making it marginal to their profession. Using The Chinese Architect-a professional magazine published by the Society of Chinese Architects-as a case for context analysis, we hold that style is what the Chinese architects value the most. Third, the Nationalists' experience in planning Nanking as its capital is important in re-shaping this relationship among style, profession and power. This experience not only pushes the State reorganize the structure of architectural professionalism, but also helps a small number of architects be laureated as the heroes who produce and disseminate model buildings of a Chinese national style. The interconnection among capital planning, professional system, and a particular style reveals that the establishment of architectural professionalism in modern China is merely a process of power wrestling between the State and the architects. Such process eventually weakens the social foundation of architectural professionalism.
期刊論文
1.(1934)。為中國建築師進一言。中國建築,2(11/12),1。  延伸查詢new window
2.Klegon, Douglas(1978)。The Sociology of Professions: An Emerging Perspective。Sociology of Work and Occupations,5(3),259-283。  new window
3.趙深(1931)。發刊詞。中國建築,1,1-2。  延伸查詢new window
4.范文照(1931)。中國建築師學會緣起。中國建築,1,3-4。  延伸查詢new window
5.Brain, David(1989)。Discipline & Style: The Ecole des Beaux-Arts and the social production of an American architecture。Theory and Society,18,807-868。  new window
6.Swanson, M. W.(1977)。The sanitation syndrome: Bubonic plague and urban native policy in the Cape Colony 1900-1909。Journal of African History,13(3),387-410。  new window
7.Cody, Jerry W.(1996)。American planning in Republican China, 1911-1937。Planning Perspectives,11,339-377。  new window
8.莊俊(1931)。建築之式樣。中國建築,3(5),1-3。  延伸查詢new window
會議論文
1.張复合(1998)。中國近代建築史「自立」時期之概略。北京。1-7。  延伸查詢new window
2.黃俊銘(1993)。清末留學生與廣州市政建設。北京。183-187。  延伸查詢new window
研究報告
1.王俊雄(1999)。中國早期留美建築師在美建築教育過程之研究:以賓州大學畢業生為例。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.賴德霖(1992)。中國近代建築史研究(博士論文)。清華大學。  延伸查詢new window
2.王正華(1997)。南京時期國民政府的中央政制(博士論文)。國立政治大學。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Cody, Jeffrey W.(1989)。Henry K. Murphy, an American Architect in China, 1914-1935。  new window
4.Scriver, Peter(1994)。Rationalization, Standardization and Control in Design。  new window
5.徐蘇斌(1991)。比較‧交往‧啟示─中日近現代建築史之研究,天津。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
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3.沈怡(1985)。沈怡自述。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.賴澤涵(1978)。孫科與廣州市的近代化(1921-1927)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
5.Wright, Gwendolyn(1991)。The Politics of Design in French Colonial Urbanism。Chicago。  new window
6.King, Anthony D.(1976)。Colonial Urban Development: Culture, Social Power and Environment。London。  new window
7.董鑒泓(198402)。中國城市建設發展史。臺北:明文書局。  延伸查詢new window
8.Freidson, Eliot(1986)。Professional Power: A Study of the Institutionalization of Formal Knowledge。Chicago:The University of Chicago Press。  new window
9.Blankenship, Ralph L.(1977)。Colleagues in Organization : the Social Construction of Professional Work。New York。  new window
10.村松伸(1991)。上海‧都市建築,1842-1949。  延伸查詢new window
11.Pevsner, N.(1990)。An Outline of European Architecture。An Outline of European Architecture。沒有紀錄:Peguin。  new window
12.Collins, R.(1979)。The credential society: A historical sociology of education and stratification。New York:Academic Press。  new window
13.Hadjinicolaou, Nicos、Asmal, Louise(1978)。Art History and Class Struggle。London:Plato Press。  new window
14.張景森(1993)。台灣的都市計畫(1895-1988)。台北:業強出版社。  延伸查詢new window
15.黃仁宇(1991)。資本主義與廿一世紀。台北:聯經出版事業公司。  延伸查詢new window
16.Hobsbawm, Eric、Ranger, Terence(2000)。The Invention of Tradition。Cambridge University Press。  new window
17.傅朝卿(19930000)。中國古典式樣新建築:二十世紀中國新建築官制化的歷史研究。臺北:南天。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.Larson, Magali Sarfatti(1977)。The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis。University of California Press。  new window
19.夏鑄九(1995)。空間,歷史與社會:論文選1987-1992。臺北:臺灣社會研究雜誌社。new window  延伸查詢new window
20.盧毓駿(1946)。三十年來中國之建築工程。三十年來之中國工程。南京。  延伸查詢new window
21.張鏄(1994)。我的建築創作道路。我的建築創作道路。北京。  延伸查詢new window
22.伍江(1997)。上海百年建築史。上海百年建築史。上海。  延伸查詢new window
23.沈怡(1946)。三十年來中國之市行政。三十年來之中國工程。南京。  延伸查詢new window
24.Eastman, Lloyd E.(1993)。南京十年時期的國民黨中國。劍橋中華民國史〈下卷〉。北京。  延伸查詢new window
25.Eastman, Lloyd E.(1993)。中日戰爭時間的國民黨中國。劍橋中華民國史〈下卷〉。北京。  延伸查詢new window
26.Bannister, Turpin C.(1954)。The Architect at Mid-Century: Evolution and Achievement。The Architect at Mid-Century: Evolution and Achievement。New York。  new window
27.Croset, Pierre-Alain(1988)。The narration of architecture。Architecture, Production and Reproduction。Princeton。  new window
28.Hamadeh, Shirine(1992)。Creating the traditional city: a French project。Forms of Dominance: on the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise。Aldershot。  new window
29.Larson, Magali S.(1983)。Emblem and Exception: The Historical Definition of The Architect's Role。Professionals and Urban Form。Albany。  new window
30.Stevens, Garry(1998)。The Favored Circle: The Social foundations of Architecture Distinction。The Favored Circle: The Social foundations of Architecture Distinction。Mass.。  new window
31.Walker, John A.(1989)。Design History and History of Design。Design History and History of Design。London。  new window
32.王紹周(1989)。上海近代城市建築。上海近代城市建築。江蘇。  延伸查詢new window
33.孫科(1990)。廣州市政憶述。孫哲先生文集(第1集)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
34.(1982)。中國現代史論集(第八輯)。中國現代史論集(第八輯)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
35.國都設計技術專員辦事處(1929)。首都計畫。首都計畫。南京。  延伸查詢new window
36.楊秉德(1993)。中國近代城市與建築。中國近代城市與建築。北京。  延伸查詢new window
37.秦孝儀(1982)。抗戰前國家建設史料─首都建設(1-3)。抗戰前國家建設史料─首都建設(1-3)。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
38.陳炎林(1933)。上海房地產大全。上海房地產大全。  延伸查詢new window
39.劉先覺(1992)。中國近代建筑總覽 . 南京篇。中國近代建筑總覽 . 南京篇。北京。  延伸查詢new window
40.Crinson, Mark、Lubbock, Jules(1994)。Architecture: Art or Profession, Three Hundred Years of Architectural Education in Britain。Architecture: Art or Profession, Three Hundred Years of Architectural Education in Britain。Manchester。  new window
41.Crysler, Greig(1996)。Silent Itineraries: Making Places in Architectural History。Representing the City: Ethnicity, Capital and Culture in the 21th-Century Metropolis。London。  new window
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圖書論文
1.Kostof, Spiro(1977)。The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession。The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession。London。  new window
 
 
 
 
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