中國是煙酒消費大國,本文旨在通過總結社會規范這一預測與影響個體行為的重要因素的作用機制,為制定有效幫助人們減少煙酒攝入的政策提供建議。本文評述了命令性規范與描述性規范如何以不同的作用機制影響個體行為,本土文化如何影響社會規范對行為的作用。而后分別針對兩類社會規范及本土文化因素的作用提出政策建議。

Smoking and drinking are common behaviors in China. Social norm is an important factor which predicts and influences individuals ’ behaviors. This article summaries the psychological mechanism of social norm to provide suggestions on making policies to overcome smoking and drinking problems by using social norms. We review the psychological mechanisms of descriptive and injunctive norms,and their effects on behaviors respectively. We also consider the influence of indigenous culture on social norms’ effects on behaviors. On the basis of the results,we provide specific suggestions on how to take social norms into consideration in making policies to overcome smoking and drinking problems.