為考察視覺空間工作記憶(working memory, WM)維持和操作的組間差異及其神經機制,本研究記錄了高、低WM組完成延遲再認(維持)任務和心理旋轉(操作)任務時的行為和事件相關電位數據。結果發現,在操作任務中,高WM組比低WM組的反應時顯著更短;高WM組的中前額葉慢波顯著更正、雙側后頂區慢波顯著更負,并且兩者的波幅顯著負相關。在維持任務中,兩組被試的反應時無顯著差異;高WM組的中前額葉慢波顯著更正。結果表明,高WM組的執行注意能力可能更強,能通過有效調節和分配加工資源來表征視覺信息。

To investigate group differences in visuospatial working memory(WM) maintenance(low-execution) and manipulation(highexecution) and to clarify the neural mechanisms underpin them, the pair-wise task of delayed recognition task(maintenance) and mental rotation task(manipulation) were carried out on both low and high WM groups while event-related brain potentials were recorded. The results revealed that 1) a significant shorter response time(RT) was made by high WM group relative to low WM group in the manipulation task, and 2) a comparable RT were made by the two groups in the maintenance task. In the maintenance task, the high WM group showed significant larger positive slow waves in the middle frontal regions. In the manipulation task, the high WM group showed significant larger positive slow waves in the middle frontal regions and greater negative slow waves in the bilateral posterior parietal regions; moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the slow-wave amplitudes in the middle frontal and bilateral posterior parietal regions. These findings indicate that a high WM group with strong executive attention may be expert in modulating and allocating processing resources.