:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
題名:社會資本、創業導向及組織學習對組織績效之影響研究
作者:李振國
作者(外文):Chen-Kuo Lee
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:企業管理學系碩博士班
指導教授:譚伯群
張海青
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2006
主題關鍵詞:組織績效競爭優勢創業導向組織學習組織創新社會資本organizational innovationcompetitive advantageorganizational performancesocial capitalorganizational learningentrepreneurial orientation
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(2) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:0
  • 點閱點閱:65
由於知識經濟時代的來臨,再加上全球化經營趨勢的興起、科技的進步及產業環境的改變,使得企業於競爭激烈的環境下為求生存,需在相關管理之課題上縝密地學習與執行。又因企業受限於本身資源缺乏及追求資源在組織中的有效運用,往往需仰賴本身內外部資源的支援與交換;而這些活動皆需藉由這些內外部關係的維持、共同認知,以及社會網絡中的結構位置等要素才能完成。此種透過組織間相互鑲嵌連結而成的網絡所取得的資源,即為「社會資本」。但是,由於這些資源經常黏著且鑲嵌地分散於組織內的成員、常規與流程上。因此,將這鑲嵌及分散的資源相互交換、流動,進而擴散以有效運用於組織營運上便為企業與管理者之一大重要課題。本論文係以社會資本為主軸,並結合創業導向與組織學習兩大領域,探討社會資本、創業導向與組織學習對組織創新、競爭優勢及組織績效影響之整合性模式分析。
本研究以台灣企業(高科技與一般產業)為研究對象,共寄發問卷1000份,回收有效問卷216份,回收率21.6%。在研究方法上,經由因素分析萃取各構面(社會資本、創業導向、組織學習、組織創新、競爭優勢、組織績效)之因素,並檢驗各構面因素之信度與效度。而主要模式架構則以LISREL模式進行驗證,其結果χ2值為180.604,P值為0.139,GFI值為0.902,AGFI值為0.890,RMSR值為0.025,CFI值為0.929,顯示出本研究之整體模式之適合度頗佳。
研究結果顯示,1. 企業愈能有效運用社會資本對組織創新及競爭優勢的推動與建立都愈有顯著的正面影響。2. 創業導向、組織學習的推動對組織創新能力的提昇及競爭優勢的建構也都有顯著之正面影響。3. 組織創新能力的提昇及競爭優勢的建構對提高組織績效亦有顯著之正面影響。
根據上述實證研究結果可以得知,現階段台灣企業應重視社會資本的有效運用,並結合創業導向與組織學習等管理理論,在面對知識創新時代的來臨,透過提昇創新能力與建構有效的競爭優勢,才能提高績效,快速反應經營環境的變遷,強化其競爭力,追求企業的永續發展。
Due to the coming of knowledge economics era, the emergence of global operation, the improvement of technology, and the change of industrial environment, business needs to deliberately study and implement topics in related management for survival in an environment of keen competition. Also, due to lack of resource and maximization of resource facility efficiency, business usually needs to rely on support from and exchange of internal and external resources; completion of such activities require factors such as maintenance of internal and external partner relationship, common recognition, and structural position in social network. Such resources that are only available through a network with which inter-organizational linkages are embedded are social capital. Because these resources are often sticky and are dispersedly embedded on members, routines, and processes in an organization, therefore, driving the flow, circulation, and proliferation of such embedded and dispersed resources to be effectively applied on organizational operation is one critical topic for enterprises and managers. The purpose of this thesis is, basing on social capital in combination with entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational learning, to study the effect of social capital, in combination with entrepreneurial orientation, and organizational learning on organizational innovation, competitive advantage and organizational performance.
The population in this study is the top 5000 firms of Taiwan listed in the China Credit Incorporation. A random stratified sampling method was used to select 1000 firms. Of the 1000 questionnaires mailed, 216 responses were received and valid. It represents a useable response rate of 21.6%. The data were analyzed by their significance and validation in the social capital, entrepreneurial orientation, organizational learning, organizational innovation, competitive advantage and organizational performance. The whole model was analyzed by LISREL and shown as follows: χ2- 180.604,p value- 0.139,GFI- 0.902,AGFI- 0.890,RMSR- 0.025,CFI- 0.929. These findings indicate the adequacy of this model system in its business application.
The major findings of this study include: First, the social capital not only has a significantly positive impact on entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning, but also on organizational innovation and competitive advantage. Secondly, also the entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning have significantly positive impacts on organizational innovation and competitive advantage, respectively. Thirdly, the organizational innovation and competitive advantage respectively have significantly positive impacts on organizational performance, as well.
In conclusion, current businesses in Taiwan should effectively apply social capital and combine it with entrepreneurial orientation and organizational learning to enhance their innovation capability and create their competitive advantage. Furthermore, they can increase their performance through their innovation capability and their competitive advantage. In the era of fast-expanding economics, business should build on the innovation capability and competitive advantage to increase the value of the customer service, prudently correspond to the environmental change, reinforce competitive ability, and pursue the ultimately everlasting success.
1.Altinay, L. and Altinay, M. (2004) “The influence of organizational structure on entrepreneurial orientation and expansion performance”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 16 (6), pp. 334-344.
2.Araya, R., Dunstan, F., Playle, R., Thomas, H., Palmer, S. and Lewis, G. (2006) “Perceptions of social capital and the built environment and mental health”, Social Science & Medicine, 62 (12), pp. 3072-3083.
3.Arbuckle, J. L. and Wothke, W. (1999) Amos 4.0 User’s Guide, IL: Small Waters Corporation.
4.Arend, R. J. (2003) “Revisiting the logical and research considerations of competitive advantage”, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (3), pp. 279-284.
5.Bamber, D., Owens, J., Davies, J. and Suleman, A. (2002) “Enabling the emergent entrepreneurial organization to develop new products”, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 8 (4), pp. 203-221.
6.Bamford, C. E., Bruton, G. D. and Hinson, Y. L. (2006) “Founder/chief executive officer exit: a social capital perspective of new ventures”, Journal of Small Business Management, 44 (2), pp. 207-220.
7.Barkley, D. L., Henry, M. S. and Nair, S. (2006) “Regional innovation systems: implications for nonmetropolitan areas and workers in the south”, Growth and Change, 37 (2), pp. 278-306.
8.Biloslavo, R. (2005) “Use of the knowledge management framework as a tool for innovation capability audit”, International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 2 (4), pp. 402-424.
9.Birchall, D. and Tovstiga, G. (2005) Capabilities for strategic advantage: leading through technological innovation, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
10.Blyler, M. and Coff, R. W. (2003) “Dynamic capabilities, social capital, and rent appropriation ties that split pies”, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (7), pp. 677-686.
11.Bolino, M., Turnley, W. and Bloodgood, J. (2002) “Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations”, Academy of Management Review, 27 (4), pp. 505–522.
12.Bourdieu, P. (2005) “The forms of capital”, in Kreckel, R. (Ed.), Otto Schartz & Co., Goettingen, pp. 183-98, available at: www. viet-studies. org/Bourdieu_ capital.htm, originally published as O ¨ konomisches Kapital, kulturelles Kapital, soziales Kapital, in Soziale Ungleichheiten (Soziale Welt, Sonderheft 2).
13.Bouty, I. (2000) “Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researches across organizational boundaries”, Academy of Management Journal, 43 (1), pp. 50-65.
14.Bruque, S., Moyano, J., Vargas, A. and Hernández, M. J. (2003) “Ownership structure, technological endowment and competitive advantage: do democracy and business fit?”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 15 (1), pp. 65-79.
15.Bruni, L., and Sugden, R., (2000) “Moral canals: trust and social capital in the work of hume, smith and genovesi”, Economics and Philosophy, 16, pp. 21-45.
16.Burstein, F., and Linger, H., (2003) “Supporting post-fordist work practices: a knowledge management framework for supporting knowledge work”, Information Technology & People; 16 (3), pp 289-305.
17.Burt, R. S. (1997) “The contingent value of social capital”, Administrative Science Quarterly; 42 (2), pp 339-365.
18.Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T. and Zhao, Y. (2002) “Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance”, Industrial Marketing Management, 31 (6), pp. 515-524.
19.Cameron, P. D. (2002) “Managing knowledge assets: the cure for an ailing structure”, CMA Management, 76 (3), pp. 20-23.
20.Carpenter, J. P., Daniere, A. G. and Takahashi, L. M. (2004) “Cooperation, trust, and social capital in Southeast Asian urban slums”, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 55 (4), pp. 533-551.
21.Castle, E. N. (2002) “Social capital: an interdisciplinary concept”, Rural Sociology, 67 (3), pp. 331-349.
22.Caughy, M. O. and O'Campo P. J. (2006) “Neighborhood poverty, social capital, and the cognitive development of African American preschoolers”, American Journal of Community Psychology, 37 (1-2), pp. 141-154.
23.Chang, K. H., Gotcher, D. F. and Chan, M. Y. (2006) “Does social capital matter when medical professionals encounter the SARS crisis in a hospital setting”, Health Care Management Review, 31 (1), pp. 26-33.
24.Chaskin, R. J., Goerge, R. M., Skyles, A. and Guiltinan, S. (2006) “Measuring social capital: an exploration in community-research partnership”, Journal of Community Psychology, 34 (4), pp. 489-514.
25.Chesbrough, H. and Crowther, A. K. (2006) “Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries”, R & D Management, 36 (3), pp. 229-236.
26.Chewar, C. M., McCrickard, D. S. and Carroll, J. M. (2005) “Analyzing the social capital value chain in community network interfaces”, Internet Research, 15 (3), pp. 262-280.
27.Coriat, B. & Weinstein, O. (2002) “Organizations, firms and institutions in the generation of innovation”, Research Policy, 31 (2), pp. 273-290.
28.Cousins, P. D. (2005) “The alignment of appropriate firm and supply strategies for competitive advantage”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25 (5), pp. 403-428.
29.Covin, J. G. and Miles, M. P. (1999) “Corporate entrepreneurship and the pursuit of competitive advantage”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23 (3), pp. 47-63.
30.Coyne, W. E. (1996) Innovation lecture given at the Royal Society, 5 March.
31.Crossan, M., Lane, H.W., and White, R. E. (1999) “An organizational learning framework: from intuition to institution”, Academy of Management Review, 24 (3), pp. 522-537.
32.Crossan, M. M. and Berdrow, I. (2003) “Organizational learning and strategic renewal”, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (11), pp. 1087-1105.
33.Davis, L., Dehning, B. and Stratopoulos, T. (2003) “Does the market recognize it-enabled competitive advantage?” Information and Management, 40 (7), pp. 705.
34.De Clercq, D., Sapienza, H. J. and Crijns, H. (2005) “The internationalization of small and medium-sized firms”, Small Business Economics, 24 (4), pp. 409-419.
35.Delaney, J. T. and Huselid, M. A. (1996) “The impact of human resource management practices on perceptions of organizational performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 39 (4), pp. 949-969.
36.Dess, G. G. and Shaw, J. D. (2001) “Voluntary turnover, social capital, and organizational performance”, Academy of Management Review, 26 (3), pp. 446-456.
37.Dickson, P. R. (1996) “The static and dynamic mechanics of competition: a comment on hunt and Morgan’s comparative advantage theory”, Journal of Marketing, 60 (October), pp. 102-106.
38.Dickson, P. R. (1996) “Toward a general theory of competitive rationality”, Journal of Marketing, 57(January), pp. 23-37.
39.Dodgson, M., Gann, D. and Salter, A. (2006) “The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter & Gamble”, R & D Management, 36 (3), pp. 333-346.
40.Donald, L. P. and Cohen, D. J. (2002) “How to invest in social capital”, Harvard Business Review, 8, pp. 92-101.
41.Dreyer, B. and Gronhaug, K. (2004) “Uncertainty, flexibility, and sustained competitive advantage”, Journal of Business Research, 57 (5), pp. 484-494.
42.Drucker, P. F. (2001) “The essential Drucker”, New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc..
43.Dutta, D. K. and Crossan, M. M. (2005) “The nature of entrepreneurial opportunities: understanding the process using the 41 organizational learning framework”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29 (4), pp. 425-449.
44.Dyer, J. H, (1997) “Effective inter-firm collaboration: how firms minimize transaction costs and maximize transaction value”, Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), pp. 535-556.
45.Dyer, J. H, and Nobeoka, K. (2000) “Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: the toyota case”, Strategic Management Journal, 21 (3), pp. 345-367.
46.Dyer, J. H. and Singh, H. (1998) “The relational view: cooperative strategy and sources of inter-organizational competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23 (4), pp. 660-679.
47.Fichman, R. G. (2001) “The role of aggregation in the measurement of IT-related organizational innovation”, MIS Quarterly, 25 (4), pp. 427-455.
48.Fischer, H. M. & Pollock, T. G. (2004) “Effects of social capital and power on surviving transformational change: the case of initial public offerings”, Academy of Management Journal, 47 (4), pp. 463-481.
49.Frank, H., Korunka, C., Lueger, M. and Mugler, J. (2005) “Entrepreneurial orientation and education in Austrian secondary schools”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 12 (2), pp. 259-273.
50.Fu, W. Y. and Tsai, H. J. (2005) “Impact of social capital and business operation mode on intellectual capital and knowledge management”, International Journal of Technology Management, 30 (1-2), pp. 147-171.
51.Fuglsang, L. and Sundbo, J. (2005) “The organizational innovation system: three modes”, Journal of Change Management, 5 (3), pp. 329-344.
52.Gomez, C. and Sanchez, J. I. (2006) “HR's strategic role within MNCs: helping build social capital in Latin America”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (12), pp. 2189-2200.
53.Gopalakrishnan, S. (2000) “Unraveling the links between dimensions of innovation and organizational performance”, The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 11 (1), pp. 137-153.
54.Grant, R. M. (1996) “Prospering in dynamically-competitive environments: organizational capability as knowledge integration”, Organization Science, 7 (4), pp. 375–387.
55.Green, M. C. and Brock, T. C. (2005) “Organizational membership versus informal interaction: contributions to skills and perceptions that build social capital”, Political Psychology, 26 (1), pp. 1-25.
56.Griffith, D. A. and Harvey, M. G. (2004) “The influence of individual and firm level social capital of marketing managers in a firm’s global network”, Journal of World Business, 39 (3), pp. 244-254.
57.Hitt, M.A., Hoskisson, R.E. and Kim, H. (1997) “International diversification: effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms”, Academy of Management Journal, 40, pp. 767-798.
58.Hitt, M. A., Dacin, M.T., Levitas, E., Arregle, J.-L. and Borza, A. (2000) “Partner selection in emerging and developed market contexts: resource-based and organizational learning perspectives”, Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), pp. 449-467.
59.Hodgson, G. M. and Knudsen, T. (2006) “Balancing inertia, innovation, and imitation in complex environments”, Journal of Economic Issues, 40 (2), pp. 287-295.
60.Hoelscher, M. L., Hoffman, J. J. and Dawley, D. (2005) “Toward a social capital theory of competitive advantage in medical groups”, Health Care Management Review, 30 (2), pp. 103-109.
61.Hoffman, J. J., Hoelscher, M. L. and Sherif, K. (2005) “Social capital, knowledge management, and sustained superior performance”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 9 (3), pp. 93-100.
62.Homburg, C. and Pflesser, C. (2000) “A multiple-layer model of market-oriented organizational culture: measurement issues and performance outcomes”, Journal of Marketing Research, 37 (November), pp. 449-462.
63.Huang, E. Y. and Lin, S. C. (2006) “How R&D management practice affects innovation performance; an investigation of the high-tech industry in Taiwan”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 106 (7), pp.966-996.
64.Hung, R. Y. Y. (2006) “Business process management as competitive advantage: a review and empirical study”, Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 17 (1), pp. 21-40.
65.Hunt, S. D. (2000) A general theory of competition, Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage.
66.Hurley, R. F. and Hult, G. T. M. (1998) “Innovation, market orientation, and organizational learning: an integration and empirical examination”, Journal of Marketing, 62 (3), pp. 42-54.
67.Huysman, M. and Wulf, V. (2006) “IT to support knowledge sharing in communities, towards a social capital analysis”, Journal of Information Technology, 21 (1), pp. 40-51.
68.Hyland, P. W. and Beckett, R. C. (2004) “Innovation and enhancement of enterprise capabilities”, International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development, 3 (1), pp. 35-46.
69.Inkpen, A. C. and Tsang, E. W. K. (2005) “Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer”, Academy of Management Review, 30 (1), pp. 146-165.
70.Ireland, R. D. and Hitt, M. A. (1999) “Achieving and maintaining strategic competitiveness in the 21st century: the role of strategic leadership”, Academy of Management Executive, 13 (1), pp. 43-57.
71.Jambulingam, T., Kathuria, R. and Doucette, W. R. (2005) “Entrepreneurial orientation as a basis for classification within a service industry: the case of retail pharmacy industry”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 25 (5), pp. 491-511.
72.Jogaratnam, G. and Tse, E. C. Y. (2006) “Entrepreneurial orientation and the structuring of organizations; Performance evidence from the Asian hotel industry”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 18 (6), pp. 454-468.
73.Johannessen, J. A. and Olsen, B. (2003) “Knowledge management and sustainable competitive advantages: the impact of dynamic contextual training”, International Journal of Information Management, 23 (4), pp. 277-289.
74.Johnsen, T., Phillips, W., Caldwell, N. and Lewis, M. (2006) “Centrality of customer and supplier interaction in innovation”, Journal of Business Research, 59 (6), pp. 671-678.
75.Johnson, J. D., Meyer, M. E., Berkowitz, J. M., Ethington, C. T. and Miller, V.D. (1997) “Testing two contrasting structural models of innovativeness in a contractual network”, Human Communication Research, 24 (2), pp. 320-348.
76.Jones, O. (2005) “Manufacturing regeneration through corporate entrepreneurship: Middle managers and organizational innovation”, Strategic Management Journal, 23 (9), pp. 795-816.
77.Kale, P., H. Singh and H. Perlmutter, (2000) “Learning and protection of proprietary assets in strategic alliances: building relational capital”, Strategic Management Journal, 21 (3), pp. 217-237.
78.Knol, W. H. C., and Stroeken, J. H. M. (2001) “The diffusion and adoption of information technology in small- and medium-sized enterprises through IT scenarios”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 13 (2), pp. 227-246.
79.Kochhar, R. and David, P. (1996) “Institutional investors and firm innovation: a test of competing hypotheses”, Strategic Management Journal, 17 (1), pp. 73-84.new window
80.Kogut, B. and Walker, G. (2001) “The small world of Germany and the durability of national networks”, American Sociological Review, 66 (3), pp. 317-355.
81.Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1996) “What do firms do? coordination, identity and learning.”, Organization Science, 7 (5), pp. 502-518.
82.Koka, B. R. and Prescott, J. E. (2002) “Strategic alliances as social capital a multidimensional view”, Strategic Management Journal, 23 (9), pp. 795-816.
83.Kostova, T., and Roth, K. (2003) “Social capital in multinational corporations and a micro-macro model of its formulation”, Academy of Management Review, 28(2), pp. 297–313.
84.Kraatz, M. S. (1998) “Learning by association? Interorganizational networks and adaption to environmental change”, Academy of Management Journal, 41 (6), pp. 621-641.
85.Krauss, S. I., Frese, M., Friedrich, C. and Unger, J. M. (2005) “Entrepreneurial orientation: psychological model of success among southern African small business owners”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 14 (3), pp.315-344.
86.Kreiser, P. M. (2004) “Reconceptualizing firm-level entrepreneurship”, The University of Alabama, p.117.
87.Laframboise, K. and Reyes, F. (2005) “Gaining competitive advantage from integrating enterprise resource planning and total quality management”, Journal of Supply Chain Management, 41 (3), pp. 49-64.
88.Li, S., Ragu-Nathan, B., Ragu-Nathan, T.S. and Rao, S. S. (2006) “The impact of supply chain management practices on competitive advantage and organizational performance”, Omega, 34 (2), pp. 107-124.
89.Liao, J. and Welsch, H. (2005) “Roles of social capital in venture creation: key dimensions and research implications”, Journal of Small Business Management, 43(4), pp. 345-362.
90.Lin, N. (2000) “Inequality in social capital”, Contemporary Sociology, 29 (6), pp. 785-95.
91.Liu, J., Ding, F. Y. and Lall, V. (2000) “Using data envelopment analysis to compare suppliers for supplier selection and performance improvement”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 5 (3), pp. 143-150.
92.Long, C. and Vickers-Koch, M. (1995) “Using core capabilities to create competitive advantage”, Organization Dynamics, 24 (1), pp. 7-22.
93.Lorenzoni, G. and Lipparini, A. (1999) “The leveraging of inter-firm relationships as a distinctive organization capability: a longitudinal study”, Strategic Management Journal, 20, pp. 317-338.
94.Luarn, P., Lin, T. and Lo, P. (2005) “Non-enforceable implementation of enterprise mobilization: an exploratory study of the critical success factors”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105 (6), pp. 786-814.
95.Lumpkin, G. T. and Dess, G. G. (1996) “Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21 (1), pp. 135-172.
96.Martín-de-Castro, G., Navas-López, J. E., López-Sáez, P. and Alama-Salazar, E. (2006) “Organizational capital as competitive advantage of the firm”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7 (3), pp. 324-337.
97.Mast, J. D. (2006) “Six sigma and competitive advantage”, Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 17 (4), pp. 455-464.
98.Matsuno, K., Mentzer, J. T., and Özsomer, A. (2002) “The effects of entrepreneurial proclivity and market orientation on business performance”, Journal of Marketing, 66 (3), pp. 18-32.
99.McFadyen, M. A. & Cannella, Jr. A. A. (2004) “Social capital and knowledge creation: diminishing returns of the number and strength of exchange relationships”, Academy of Management Journal, 47 (5), pp. 735-746.
100.Michie, J. and Sheehan, M. (2005) “Business strategy, human resources, labour market flexibility and competitive advantage”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16 (3), pp. 445-464.
101.Miller, D. and Shamsie, J. (1996). “The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: the Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965”, Academy of Management Journal, 39. pp. 519–543.
102.Miller, D. L., Scheffler, R., Lam, S., Rosenberg, R. and Rupp, A. (2006) “Social capital and health in Indonesia”, World Development, 34 (6), pp. 1084-1098.
103.Miles, M. P., Covin, J. G. and Heeley, M. B. (2000) “The relationship between environmental dynamism and small firm structure, strategy, and performance”, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 8 (2), pp. 63-78
104.Moguillansky, G. (2006) “Innovation, the missing link in Latin American countries”, Journal of Economic Issues, 40 (2), pp. 343-357.
105.Mone, M. A., McKinley, W. and Barker III, V. L. (1998) “Organizational decline and innovation: A contingency framework”, Academy of Management Review, 23 (1), pp. 115-132.
106.Montes, F. J. L., Moreno, A. R. and Morales, V. G. (2005) “Influence of support leadership and teamwork cohesion on organizational learning, innovation and performance: an empirical examination”, Technovation, 25 (10), pp. 1159-1172.
107.Moorman, C. and Miner, A. S. (1998) “Organizational improvisation and organizational memory”, Academy of Management Review, 23 (4), pp. 698-723.
108.Moran, P. (2005) “Structural vs. relational embeddedness: social capital and managerial performance”, Strategic Management Journal, 26 (12), pp. 1129-1151.
109.Mosse, D. (2006) “collective action, common property, and social capital in South India: an anthropological commentary”, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 54 (3), pp. 695-724.
110.Muscio, A. (2006) “From regional innovation systems to local innovation systems: Evidence from Italian industrial districts”, European Planning Studies, 14 (6), pp. 773-789.
111.Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) “Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23 (2), pp. 242-266.
112.O’Shea, R. P., Allen, T. J., Chevalier, A. and Roche, F. (2005) “Entrepreneurial orientation, technology transfer and spinoff performance of U.S. universities”, Research Policy, 34 (7), pp. 994-1009.
113.Paxton, P. (1999) “Is social capital declining in the United States? A multiple indicator assessment”, American Journal of Sociology, 105 (1), pp. 88-127.
114.Pearson, A. E. (2002) “Toughminded ways to get innovative”, Harvard Business Review, 80 (8), pp. 117-126.
115.Pennings, J. M., Lee, K., & Witteloostuijn, A. V. (1998) “Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution”, Academy of Management Journal, 41 (4), pp. 425-440.
116.Peppard, J. and Ward, J. (2004) “Beyond strategic information systems: towards an is capability”, Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 13, pp. 167-194.
117.Phan, D. D. (2003) “E-business development for competitive advantages: a case study”, Information & Management, 40 (6), pp. 581-590.
118.Piazza-Georgi, B. (2002) “The role of human and social capital in growth: extending our understanding”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 26 (4), pp. 461-479.
119.Pope, C., Robert, G., Bate, P., May, A. L. and Gabbay, J. (2006) “Lost in translation: a multi-level case study of the metamorphosis of meanings and action in public sector organizational innovation”, Public Administration, 84 (1), pp. 59-79.
120.Pretty, J. and Ward, H. (2001) “Social capital and the environment”, World Development, 29 (2), pp. 209-227.
121.Quinn, J. B., Anderson, P. and Finkelstein, S., (1996) “Managing professional intellect: making the most of the best”, Harvard Business Review, Mar/April, 74 (2), pp. 71-80.
122.Ratnapala, S. (2003) “Moral capital and commercial society”, The Independent Review, 8 (2).
123.Ray, G., Barney, J. B. and Muhanna, W. A. (2004) “Capabilities, business processes, and competitive advantage: choosing the dependent variable in empirical tests of the resource-based view”, Strategic Management Journal, 25 (1), pp. 23-37.
124.Reagans, R. and Zuckerman, E. W. (2001) “Networks, diversity, and productivity: the social capital of corporate R&D teams”, Organization Science, 12 (4), pp. 502-517.
125.Roberts, P. W. (1999) “Product innovation, product-market competition and persistent profitability in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry”, Strategic Management Journal, 20 (7), pp. 655-670.
126.Roberts, P. W. and Amit, R. (2003) “The dynamics of innovative activity and competitive advantage: the case of Australian retail banking, 1981 to 1995”, Organization Science, 14 (2), pp. 107-122.
127.Rosenfeld, S. A. (2004) “Art and design as competitive advantage: a creative enterprise cluster in the Western United States”, European Planning Studies, 12 (6), pp. 891-904.
128.Rousseau, D., Sitkin, S., Burt, R. and Camerer, C. (1998) “Not so different after all: a cross-discipline view of trust”, Academy of Management Review, 23 (3), pp. 393-404.
129.Ruef, M. (2002) “Strong ties, weak ties and islands: structural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 11 (3), pp. 427-449.
130.Shaw, J. D., Johnson, J. L. and Lockhart, D. E. (2005) “Turnover, social capital losses, and performance”, Academy of Management Journal, 48 (4), pp. 594-606.
131.Simons, R. (2000) Performance Measurement and Control Systems For Implementing Strategy, Prentice-Hall, London.
132.Sinkula, J. M., Baker, W. E. and Noordewier, T. (1997) “A framework for market-based organizational learning: linking values, knowledge, and behavior”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25 (4), pp. 305-308.
133.Sobel, J. (2002) “Can we trust social capital?”, Journal of Economic Literature, 40 (1), pp. 139-154.
134.Sorenson, O and Sørensen, J. B. (2001) “Finding the right mix: franchising, organizational learning, and chain performance”, Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6), pp. 713-724.
135.Subramaniam, M. and Youndt, M. A. (2005) “The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities”, Academy of Management Journal, 48 (3), pp. 450-463.
136.Tan, C. K., (2001) “A structural equation model of new product design and development”, Decision Sciences, 32 (2), pp. 195-226.
137.Teece, D. J., Pisano, G. and Shuen, A. (1997) “Dynamic capabilities and strategic management”, Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), pp. 509–533.
138.Teece, D. J., (2000) “Strategies for managing knowledge assets: the role of firm structure and industrial context”, Long Range Planning, 33 (1), pp. 35-54.
139.Tempest, S., McKinlay, A. and Starkey, K. (2004) “Careering alone: careers and social capital in the financial services and television industries”, Human Relations, 57 (12), pp. 1523-1545.
140.Templeton, G. F., Lewis, B. R. and Snyder, C. A. (2002) “Development of a measure for the organizational learning construct”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 19 (2), pp. 175-218.
141.Teo, T. S. H. and Pian, Y. (2003) “A contingency perspective on Internet adoption and competitive advantage”, European Journal of Information Systems, 12 (2), pp. 78-92.
142.Teo, H. H., Wang, X., Wei, K.K., Sia, C. L. and Lee, M. K. O. (2006) “Organizational learning capacity and attitude toward complex technological innovations: An empirical study”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 57 (2), pp. 264-279.
143.Thornhill, S. (2006) “Knowledge, innovation and firm performance in high- and low-technology regimes”, Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (5), pp. 687-703.
144.Thompson, G. (1999) “Cultural capital and accounting”, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 12 (4), pp. 394-412.
145.Thompson, J. A. (2005) “Proactive personality and job performance: a social capital perspective”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 90 (5), pp. 1011-1017.
146.Tidd, J. (2001) “Innovation management in context: environment, organization and performance”, International Journal of Management Review, 3, pp. 169-183.
147.Tippins, M. J and Sohi, R. S. (2003) “IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learning a missing link”, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (8), pp. 745-761.
148.Tötterman, H. and Sten, J. (2005) “Start-ups: business incubation and social capital”, International Small Business Journal, 23 (5), pp. 487-511.
149.Trott, P. (2005) Innovation Management and New Product Development, 3rd, New York: Prentice Hall.
150.Tsai, W. (2000) “Social capital, strategic relatedness and the formation of intraorganizational linkages”, Strategic Management Journal, 21 (9), pp. 925-939.
151.Tsai, W. and Ghoshal, S. (1998) “Social capital and value creation: the role of intra-firm networks”, Academy of Management Journal, 41 (4), pp. 464-476.
152.Tuominen, M. and Hyvonen, S. (2004) “Organizational innovation capability: a driver for competitive superiority in marketing channels”, The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 14 (3), pp. 277-293
153.Tura, T. and Harmaakorpi, V. (2005) “Social capital in building regional innovative capability”, Regional Studies, 39 (8), pp. 1111-1125.
154.Uchida, Y. and Cook, P. (2005) “The transformation of competitive advantage in East Asia: an analysis of technological and trade specialization, World Development, 33 (5), pp. 701-728.
155.Uzzi, B. (1996) “The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect”, American Sociological Review, 61, pp. 647-698.
156.Uzzi, B. (1997) “Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: the paradox of embeddedness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42 (1), pp. 35-67.
157.Uzzi, B. and Gillespie, J. J. (2002) “Knowledge spillover in corporate financing networks: embeddedness and the firm’s debt performance”, Strategic Management Journal, 23 (7), pp. 595-618.
158.Vargas, A., Hernandez, M. J. and Bruque, S. (2003) “Determinants of information technology competitive value. evidence from a western european industry”, Journal of High Technology Management Research, 14 (2), pp. 245-268.
159.Vastag, G. (2000) “The theory of performance frontiers”, Journal of Operations Management, 18 (3), pp. 353–360.
160.Vecchio, R. (2003) “Entrepreneurship and leadership: common trends and common threads”, Human Resource Management Review, 13 (2), pp. 303-27.
161.Vera, D. and Rodriguez-Lopez, A. (2004) “Strategic virtues: humility as a source of competitive advantage”, Organizational Dynamics, 33 (4), pp. 393-408.
162.Verganti, R. (1997) “Leveraging on systemic learning to manage the early phases of product innovation projects”, R & D Management, 27 (4), pp. 377-392.
163.Verona, G. A. (1999) “A resource-based view of product development”, Academy of Management Review, 24 (1), pp. 132-142.
164.Vickery, S. (1991) “A theory of performance competence revisited”, Decision Science, 3, pp. 635-643.
165.Vigoda, E. (2000) “Internal Politics in Public Administration Systems: An Empirical Examination of its Relationship with Job Congruence, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and In-Role Performance,” Public Personnel Management, 29 (2), PP. 185-210.
166.Voelpel, S. C., Leibold, M. and Streb, C. K. (2005) “The innovation meme: managing innovation replicators for organizational fitness”, Journal of Change Management, 5 (1), pp. 57-69.
167.Vorhies, D. W. and Morgan, N. A. (2005) “Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage”, Journal of Marketing, 69 (1), pp. 80-94.
168.Wagner, S. M. (2006) “A firm's responses to deficient suppliers and competitive advantage”, Journal of Business Research, 59 (6), pp. 686-695.
169.Walker, G., Kogut, B., and Shan, W. (1997) “Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network”, Organization Science, 8 (2), pp. 109-125.
170.Walsh, V. and Lodorfos, G. (2002) “Technological and organizational innovation in chemicals and related products”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 14 (3), pp. 273-298.
171.Walter, A., Auer, M. and Ritter, T. (2006) “The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance”, Journal of Business Venturing, 21 (4), pp. 541-567.
172.Wang, H. Z. and Hsiao, H. H. M. (2002) “Social capital or human capital? Professionals in overseas Taiwanese firms”, Journal of Contemporary Asia, 32 (3), pp. 346-362.
173.Wangenheim, C. G. and Rodrigues, M. R. (2000) “Case-based management of software engineering experienceware”, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1952, pp:12-22.
174.Warde, A., Tampubolon, G. and Savage, M. (2005) “Recreation, informal social networks and social capital”, Journal of Leisure Research, 37 (4), pp. 402-425.
175.Waters, J. (2000) “Achieving innovation or the holy grail: managing knowledge or managing commitment?”, International Journal of Technology Management, 20 (5/6/7/8), pp. 819-832.
176.Waterson, P. E., Clegg, C.W., Bolden, R., Pepper, K., Warr, P. B., and Wall, T. D. (1999) “The use and effectiveness of modern manufacturing practices: a survey of UK industry”, International Journal of Production Research, 37(7), pp. 2271-2292.
177.Watson, G. W. and Papamarcos, S. D. (2002) “Social capital and organizational commitment”, Journal of Business and Psychology, 16 (4), pp. 537-552.
178.Weerawardena, J. and O'Cass, A. (2004) “Exploring the characteristics of the market-driven firms and antecedents to sustained competitive advantage”, Industrial Marketing Management, 33 (5), pp. 419-428.
179.Weerawardena, J., O'Cass, A. and Julian, C. (2006) “Does industry matter? Examining the role of industry structure and organizational learning in innovation and brand performance”, Journal of Business Research, 59 (1), pp. 37-45.
180.Weerd-Nederhof, P. C. D., Pacitti, B. J., Gomes, J. F. D. S. and Pearson, A. W. (2002) “Tools for the improvement of organizational learning processes in innovation”, Journal of Workplace Learning, 14 (7/8), pp. 320-331.
181.West, J. and Gallagher, S. (2006) “Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software”, R & D Management, 36 (3), pp. 319-331.
182.Westermann, O., Ashby, J. and Pretty, J. (2005) “Gender and social capital: the importance of gender differences for the maturity and effectiveness of natural resource management groups”, World Development, 33 (11), pp. 1783-1799.
183.Westlund, H. and Nilsson, E. (2005) “Measuring enterprises’ investments in social capital: a pilot study”, Regional Studies, 39 (8), pp. 1079-1094.
184.Wiig, K. M., (1997) “Integrating intellectual capital and knowledge management”, Long Range Planning, 30 (3), pp. 399-405.
185.Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2003) “Knowledge-based resources, entrepreneurial orientation, and the performance of small and medium-sized businesses”, Strategic Management Journal, 24 (13), pp. 1307-1314.
186.Wiklund, J. and Shepherd, D. (2005) “Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach”, Journal of Business Venturing, 20 (1), pp. 71-91.
187.Williams, A. P. (2001) “A belief-focused process model of organizational learning”, Journal of Management Studies, 38 (1), pp. 67-85.
188.Wilson, L. (2006) “Developing a model for the measurement of social inclusion and social capital in regional Australia”, Social Indicators Research, 75 (3), pp. 335-360.
189.Wolfe, R., Wright, P. M. and Smart, D. L. (2006) “Radical HRM innovation and competitive advantage: the moneyball story”, Human Resource Management, 45 (1), pp. 111-145.
190.Wong, K. (2005) “Critical success factors for implementing knowledge management in small and medium enterprises”, Industrial Management & Data Systems, 105 (3), pp. 261-279.
191.Wong, P. K. and He, Z. L. (2005) “A comparative study of innovation behavior in singapore's kibs and manufacturing firms”, Service Industries Journal, 25 (1), pp. 23-42.
192.Woolcock, M. and Narayan, D. (2000) “Social capital: implications for development theory, research, and policy”, The World Bank Research Observer, 15 (2), pp. 225-249.
193.Wu, W.Y., Chiang, C.Y. and Jiang, J.S. (2002) “Interrelationships between TMT management styles and organizational innovation”, Industrial Management + Data Systems, 102 (3), pp. 171-183.
194.Yamin, S., Gunasekaran, A. and Mavondo, F. T. (1999) “Innovation index and its implications on organizational performance: a study of Australian manufacturing companies”, International Journal of Technology Management, 17 (5), pp. 495-503.
195.Yli-Renko H., Autio, E. and Sapienza H. J. (2001) “Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms”, Strategic Management Journal, 22 (6-7), pp. 587-613.
196.Yli-Renko, H., Autio, E. and Tontti, V.. (2002) “Social capital, knowledge, and the international growth of technology-based new firms”, International Business Review, 11 (3), pp. 279-304.
197.Yuan, Y. C., Gay, G. and Hembrooke, H. (2006) “Focused activities and the development of social capital in a distributed learning ‘community’”, Information Society, 22 (1), pp. 25-39.
198.Zhang, M., Macpherson, A. and Jones, O. (2006) “Conceptualizing the learning process in SMEs: improving innovation through external orientation”, International Small Business Journal, 24 (3), pp. 299-323.
199.Zhuang, Y. (2005) “Does electronic business create value for firms? An organizational innovation perspective”, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 6 (2), pp. 146-159.
200.Zirger, B. J. (1997) “The influence of development experience and product innovativeness on product outcome”, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 9 (3), pp. 287-297.
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關書籍
 
無相關著作
 
無相關點閱
 
QR Code
QRCODE