呂美玲(2003)。老年人健康狀況、身體活動與功能性體適能相關之探討。未出版碩士論文,國立臺灣師範大學,臺北市。
林尚武、卓俊伶、陳重佑、楊梓楣(2010)。工作難度對序列動作編序的影響及其年齡差異。體育學報,43(4),39-56。Adams, J. A. (1971). A closed-loop theory of motor learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 3, 111-150.
Anson, J. G. (1982). Memory drum theory: Alternative tests and explanations for the complexity effects on simple reaction time. Journal of Motor Behavior, 14, 228-246.
Armbrüster, C., & Spijkers, W. (2006). Movement planning in prehension: Do intended actions influence the initial reach and grasp movement? Motor Control, 10, 311-329.
Brown, T. L., & Carr, T. H. (1989). Automaticity in skill acquisition: Mechanisms for reducing interference in concurrent performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 15, 686-700.
Chaput, S., & Proteau, L. (1996). Aging and motor control. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 51B, 346-355.
Cheng, P. W. (1985). Restructuring versus automaticity: Alternative accounts of skill acquisition. Psychological Review, 92, 414-423.
Chua, R., & Elliott, D. (1993). Visual regulation of manual aiming. Human Movement Science, 12, 365-401.
Clark, H. M., & Robin, D. A. (1998). Generalized motor programme and parameterization accuracy in apraxia of speech and conduction aphasia. Aphasiology, 12, 699-713.
Clark, H. M., Robin, D. A., McCullagh, G., & Schmidt, R. A. (2001). Motor control in children and adults during a non-speech oral task. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 44, 1015-1025.
Cohen, R. G., & Rosenbaum, D. A. (2004). Where grasps are made reveals how grasps are planned: Generation and recall of motor plans. Experimental Brain Research, 157, 486-495.
Elliott, D., Helsen, W. F., & Chua, R. (2001). A century later: Woodworth’s (1899) two-component model of goal-directed aiming. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 342-357.
Fischman, M. G. (1984). Programming times as a function of number of movement parts and changes in movement direction. Journal of Motor Behavior, 16, 405-423.
Fischman, M. G., & Lim, C. H. (1991). Influence of extended practice on programming time, movement time, and transfer in simple target-striking responses. Journal of Motor Behavior, 23, 39-50.
Fischman, M. G., Christina, R. W., & Anson, J. G. (2008). Memory drum theory’s C movement: Revelations from Franklin Henry. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79, 312-318.
Fitts, P. M. (1954). The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 381-391.
Gallahue, D. L., & Ozmun, J. C. (2002). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (5th ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Haaland, K. Y., Harrington, D. L., & Grice, J. W. (1993). Effects of aging on planning and implementing arm movements. Psychology and Aging, 8, 617-632.
Hay, L. (1979). Spatial-temporal analysis of movements in children: Motor programs versus feedback in the development of reaching. Journal of Motor Behavior, 11, 189-200.
Henry, F. M., & Rogers, D. E. (1960). Increased response latency for complicated movements and a “memory drum” theory of neuromotor reaction. Research Quarterly, 31, 448-458.
Herbort, O., & Butz, M. V. (2010). Planning and control of hand orientation in grasping movements. Experimental Brain Research, 202, 867-878.
Hick, W. E. (1952). On the rate of gain of information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4, 11-26.
Johnson-Frey, S. H., McCarty, M. E., & Keen, R. (2004). Reaching beyond spatial perception: Effects of intended future actions on visually guided prehension. Visual Cognition, 11, 371-399.
Kerr, B. (1978). Task factors that influence selection and preparation for voluntary movements. In G. E. Stelmach (Ed.), Information processing in motor control and learning (pp. 55-78). New York: Academic Press.
Ketcham, C. J., Seidler, R. D., Van Gemmert, A. W. A., & Stelmach, G. E. (2002). Age-related kinematic differences as influenced by task difficulty, target size, and movement amplitude. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological sciences, 57B, 54-64.
Khan, M. A., Franks, I. M., & Goodman, D. (1998). The effect of practice on the control of rapid aiming movements: Evidence for an interdependency between programming and feedback processing. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51A, 425-444.
Khan, M. A., Lawrence, G. P., Buckolz, E., & Franks, I. M. (2006). Programming strategies for rapid aiming movements under simple and choice reaction time conditions. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 524-542.
Khan, M. A., Mourton, S., Buckolz, E., & Franks, I. M. (2008). The influence of advance information on the response complexity effect in manual aiming movements. Acta Psychologica, 127, 154-162.
Kuhtz-Buschbeck, J. P., Stolze, H., Jöhnk, K., Boczek-Funcke, A., & Illert, M. (1998). Development of prehension movements in children: A kinematic study. Experimental Brain Research, 122, 424-432.
Lashley, K. S. (1917). The accuracy of movement in the absence of excitation from the moving organ. American Journal of Physiology, 43, 169-194.
Magill, R. A. (1998). Motor learning: Concepts and applications (5th ed.). Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Magnuson, C. E., Robin, D. A., & Wright, D. L. (2008). Motor programming when sequencing multiple elements of the same duration. Journal of Motor Behavior, 40, 532-544.
Marteniuk, R. G., MacKenzie, C. L., Jeannerod, M., Athenes, S., & Dugas, C. (1987). Constraints on human arm movement trajectories. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 365-378.
Meyer, D. E., Abrams, R. A., Kornblum, S., Wright, C. E., & Smith, J. E. K. (1988). Optimality in human motor performance: Ideal control of rapid aimed movements. Psychological Review, 95, 340-370.
Morgan, M., Phillips, J. G., Bradshaw, J. L., Mattingley, J. B., Iansek, R., & Bradshaw, J. A. (1994). Age-related motor slowness: Simply strategic? Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 49, 133-139.
Oldfiled, R. C. (1971). The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-112.
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2002). Human motor development: A lifespan approach (5th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Poston, B., Van Gemmert, A. W. A., Barduson, B., & Stelmach, G. E. (2009). Movement structure in young and elderly adults during goal-directed movements of the left and right arm. Brain and Cognition, 69, 30-38.
Pratt, J., Chasteen, A. L., & Abrams, R. A. (1994). Rapid aimed limb movements: Age differences and practice effects in component submovements. Psychology and Aging, 9, 325-334.
Rose, D. J., & Christina, R. W. (2006). A multilevel approach to the study of motor control and learning (2nd ed.). San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings.
Schmidt, R. A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82, 225-260.
Schmidt, R. A. (1976). Control processes in motor skills. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 4, 229-261.
Schmidt, R. A., & Lee, T. D. (2011). Motor control and learning: A behavior emphasis (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Schneider, D. M., & Schmidt, R. A. (1995). Units of action in motor control: Role of response complexity and target speed. Human Performance, 8, 27-49.
Seidler-Dobrin, R. D., & Stelmach, G. E. (1998). Persistence in visual feedback control by the elderly. Experimental Brain Research, 119, 467-474.
Shapiro, D. C., Zernicke, R. F., Gregor, R. J., & Diestel, J. D. (1981). Evidence for generalized motor programs using gait pattern analysis. Journal of Motor Behavior, 13, 33-47.
Short, M. W., Fischman, M. G., & Wang, Y. T. (1996). Cinematographical analysis of movement pathway constraints in rapid target-striking tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior, 28, 157-163.
Sidaway, B. (1991). Motor programming as a function of constraints on movement initiation. Journal of Motor Behavior, 23, 120-130.
Sidaway, B., Sekiya, H., & Fairweather, M. (1995). Movement variability as a function of accuracy demand in programmed serial aiming responses. Journal of Motor Behavior, 27, 67-76.
Smiley-Oyen, A. L., & Worringham, C. J. (1996). Distribution of programming in a rapid aimed sequential movement. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A, 379-397.
Smiley-Oyen, A. L., Lowry, K. A., & Kerr, J. P. (2007). Planning and control of sequential rapid aiming in adults with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Motor Behavior, 39, 103-114.
Thomas, J. R., Yan, J. H., & Stelmach, G. E. (2000). Movement substructures change as a function of practice in children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75, 228-244.
Van Braeckel, K., Butcher, P. R., Geuze, R. H., Stremmelaar, E. F., & Bouma, A. (2007). Movement adaptations in 7- to 10-year-old typically developing children: Evidence for a transition in feedback-based motor control. Human Movement Science, 26, 927-942.
van der Wel, R. P. R. D., Fleckenstein, R. M., Jax, S. A., & Rosenbaum, D. A. (2007). Hand path priming in manual obstacle avoidance: Evidence for abstract spatiotemporal forms in human motor control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 33, 1117-1126.
Wadman, W. J., Denier van der Gon, J. J., Geuze, R. H., & Mol, C. R. (1979). Control of fast goal-directed arm movements. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 5, 3-17.
Walker, N., Philbin, D. A., & Fisk, A. D. (1997). Age-related differences in movement control: Adjusting submovement structure to optimize performance. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological sciences, 52B, 40-52.
Weiss, P., Stelmach, G. E., & Hefter, H. (1997). Programming of a movement sequence in Parkinson’s disease. Brain, 120, 91-102.
Welford, A. T. (1977). Motor performance. In J. E. Birren, & K. W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (pp. 450-496). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Welford, A. T. (1980). Relationships between reaction time and fatigue, stress, age, and sex. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction time (pp. 321-354). New York: Academic Press.
Welsh, T. N., Higgins, L., & Elliott, D. (2007). Are there age-related differences in learning to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure? Human Movement Science, 26, 892-912.
Woodworth, R. S. (1899). The accuracy of voluntary movement. Psychological Review Monographs, 3, 1-114.
Wrisberg, C. A., & Wulf, G. (1997). Diminishing the effects of reduced frequency of knowledge. Journal of Motor Behavior, 29, 17-26.
Wulf, G., & Schmidt, R. A. (1996). Average KR degrades parameter learning. Journal of Motor Behavior, 28, 371-381.
Wulf, G., Schmidt, R. A., & Deubel, H. (1993). Reduced feedback frequency enhances generalized motor program learning but not parameterization learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, memory, and cognition, 19, 1134-1150.
Yan, J. H. (2000). Effects of aging on linear and curvilinear aiming arm movements. Experimental Aging Research, 26, 393-407.
Yan, J. H., Thomas, J. R., & Payne, V. G. (2002).How children and seniors differ from adults in controlling rapid aiming arm movements. In J. E. Clark & J. H. Humphrey (Eds.), Motor development: Research & reviews volume 2 (pp. 191-217). Reston, VA: NASPE.
Yan, J. H., Thomas, J. R., & Stelmach, G. E. (1998). Aging and rapid aiming arm movement control. Experimental Aging Research, 24, 55-69.
Yan, J. H., Thomas, J. R., Stelmach, G. E., & Thomas, K. T. (2000). Developmental features of rapid aiming arm movements across the lifespan. Journal of Motor Behavior, 32, 121-140.
Young, D. E., & Schmidt, R. A. (1990). Units of motor beavior: Modifications with practice and feedback. In M. Jeannerod (Ed.), Attention and performance XIII (pp. 763-795). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Young, D. E., & Schmidt, R. A. (1991). Motor programs as units of movement control. In N. I. Badler, B. A. Barsky, & D. Zeltzer (Eds.), Making them move: Mechanics, control, and animation of articulated figures (pp. 129-155). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.