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題名:燃料電池領域科學與技術互動之研究
作者:楊曉雯
作者(外文):Hsiao-Wen Yang
校院名稱:臺灣大學
系所名稱:圖書資訊學研究所
指導教授:黃慕萱
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2012
主題關鍵詞:燃料電池書目計量專利科技互動科技合著共活躍專利論文對引用分析bibliometricsfuel cellpatentinteractionscience & technology coauthorshipco-activitypatent-paper pairscitation analysis
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本研究旨在以科技合著、共活躍、專利論文對及科技互引分析等書目計量方法,探討1991年至2010年間燃料電池領域科學與技術互動的特質,包含科學與技術的研發現況、科學與技術間雙重身分與雙重知識的發展、科學與技術相互影響的情況,及科學與技術的互動樣態與趨勢。
本研究以燃料電池領域在1991年至2010年20年間,在美國專利商標局 (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office,USPTO) 的專利全文資料庫 (Patent Full-Text and Image Database, PatFT) 所檢索到的8,112篇發明專利 (invention patent),及利用美國Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) 公司所出版的Web of Science (WOS) 資料庫所獲得之20,758篇期刊論文為對象,據以個別建立不同資料檔,以利進行相關分析。
研究結果顯示,在科學與技術成果發展現況方面,論文與專利數量皆呈現指數成長的趨勢,且論文的成長速度較快;整體論文與專利的數量高度集中在少數國家;機構的論文與專利產出分布符合80-20法則,其中學術機構為論文主要來源,其專利數亦逐年穩定增加,而產業機構為專利主要擁有者,近年來則積極投入學術研究;產業機構的論文平均數量比學術機構的平均專利數量為多。
在科學與技術的雙重身分與雙重知識特質方面,機構科技合著的論文與專利數及專利論文對仍屬少量;產業機構的共活躍情況較學術機構明顯;專利論文對主要由學術機構的成員所產出;產業機構的論文科技合著比率很高,但專利的科技合著比率很低;個人共活躍者的論文與專利平均產量較整體平均值高,是各類機構跨界成果的主要產出者,但個別產量差距大且近年來較偏重論文發表;個人共活躍者會優先以專利論文對的形式發表科技互動成果,其中又以專利申請為最優先的發表行為;機構間的科技互動可歸納為高互動、低互動、自我互動與外求互動四種類型。
在科學與技術的相互影響方面,論文與專利的相互引用情況日益增加,尤其是專利引用論文的平均數量更逐年提高;論文引用專利的時效性較專利引用論文為快;學術研究者傾向引用學術機構的研發成果。整體而言,學術與產業機構參與科技互動的數量增加,互動之科技成果產量亦逐步提升。
就本研究的分析結果,在科技互動的研究方面,建議可利用論文逐年數量的成長幅度,推測產業政策帶動研發的成效;另機構的科技互動特質應結合共活躍及科技合著現象共同探討;個人層級的科技互動分析可優先以共活躍之作者與發明者為對象。至於臺灣發展燃料電池產業方面,則建議應促進產業機構的論文發表及學術機構的專利取得、獎勵產業機構與學術機構的提案合作、提升科技合著、共活躍及專利論文對等科技互動成果數量,藉由促進臺灣燃料電池領域的科技互動,進而帶動科技成果的數量提升。此外亦應持續關注韓國在燃料電池領域的科技發展,知己知彼尋求最佳產業競爭策略。
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