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題名:警察人員媒體素養能力之研究-以六都為例
作者:陳瑞南
校院名稱:中央警察大學
系所名稱:警察政策研究所
指導教授:枼毓蘭、章光明
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2015
主題關鍵詞:媒體使用媒體認知媒體教育訓練媒體素養能力Media cognitionMedia educationMedia literacyMedia Usage
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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摘要
本研究是國內第一個以「警察人員媒體素養能力」為主題的研究,藉由「媒體結構」、「媒體特性」、「媒體內容」、「媒體行動力」等四個構面之分析,進而瞭解警察人員之媒體素養能力;並分別從人口變項、媒體使用、媒體認知、媒體訓練等變項,探討對警察人員媒體素養能力的影響。
本研究以服務於六個直轄市警察局之現職警察為目標,採用問卷調查法為主,回收並取得795份有效問卷。在分析方法上,本文利用Cronbach’α 係數及因素分析進行量表內部一致性信度及效度考驗;以百分比、平均數及變異數分析(ANOVA)描述各變項之特性及比例分配;以皮爾森積差相關分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、迴歸分析等統計方法來檢定研究各變項間假設。
資料分析顯示,本文有以下數個較重要之研究發現:
其一、發現了警察人員的媒體素養能力確實仍需加強,在組成媒體素養的四個構面中,發現警察人員在「媒體結構」、「媒體特性」、「媒體內容」、「媒體行動力」等方面,媒體素養能力最好的是「媒體特性」、其次為「媒體結構」、再其次為「媒體內容」,最差的是「媒體行動力」。
其二、從人口基本變項中,發現與媒體素養能力的相關的人口變項及環境變項。年齡較低者、官職等較高者、教育程度較高者、工作年資較低者且服務於北部地區者,其媒體素養能力較好。
其三、在媒體使用方面,目前廣為使用的眾多媒體種類中,深入研究電視、廣播、報紙、雜誌、網路及社群媒體的使用情形,並證實現網路與社群媒體已是警察人員最常接觸的媒體,且媒體整體使用頻率與時間確實會影響其媒體素養能力。另外,主管職務者、年齡51歲以上者其媒體整體平均使用頻率較高;男性及服務年資11至20年者其整體媒體平均使用時間較高。
其四、在媒體認知的觀點上,深入析剖對媒體素養的影響,發現警察人員普遍對媒體傾向於較負面的認知,且對整體媒體認知的負面觀感較高者,則其媒體素養能力較低。反之,對整體媒體認知持較正面觀感者,則其媒體素養能力也較高。經分析後發現官等警正四階以下者認為「警察形象不好是媒體造成的」最高。
其五、深入研析媒體教育訓練情形,並了解對對媒體素養之影響,進而發現警察機關對員警之媒體訓練普遍不及格;經分析後發現官等較高者、教育程度較高者及主管職務者其接受的媒體訓練較高;且發現年齡較低者、官等較高者、教育程度較高者、工作年資較低者、服務於北部地區者、接受媒體教育訓練程度較高者,其媒體素養能力也較高。
Abstract
The thesis is the first study in Taiwan focusing on media literacy of police in six Metropolises, I have broken down in four parts to better understand the media literacy. They are (1) media structures, (2) media characters, (3) media messages, (4)media actions. This research furthermore investigates several variables including demographic variables, media usage, media cognition, media education, and their influence on the media literacy of police.
In my survey of 795 officers from six specific cities in Taiwan, I used the Cronbach’ α coefficient and factor analysis to test the credibility and validity and used the frequency of distribution to present the mean value, percentage and characteristics of each variable. I also applied correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, regression and multi-regression analysis to answer the research questions.
The major findings of the study were described as follows:
Firstly, the media literacy of police is still a lot of ways to improve. In the four dimensions of media literacy, the media characters were the best performance of officers; media structures were secondary; media messages were the third and media actions were the worst.
Secondly, demographic variables, particularly locations contribute to significant differences in respondent’s media literacy of police. This study found that officers who are younger, higher official rank, better educated, lower seniority and serving in northern locations, were better in media literacy.
Thirdly, from the aspect of media usage, investigating the media usage in television, newspaper, magazine, internet and social media, I found that internet and social media such as Facebook and line have become the most popular media. The more frequency and time used in media, the more positive effects on media literacy.
Fourthly, from the aspect of media cognition, officers generally have negative perceptions about the media. The more negative perceptions were to media, the lower the media literacy. That is, the more positive perceptions to media, the better in media literacy.
Finally, from the aspect of media education, I found that the officers’ media literacy is lacking. The officers should be trained in media literacy to improve their ability in all four dimensions..
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