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題名：運動員的公平知覺：教練角色的地位與權力詮釋取向的效應
作者：黃鈴雯
作者(外文)：LING-WEN HUANG
校院名稱：國立體育大學
系所名稱：體育研究所
指導教授：廖主民
學位類別：博士
出版日期：2015
主題關鍵詞：階級；聲望；資源分配；功績；發言權；團隊動力；宰制；領導；hierarchy；reputation；resources allocation；merit；voice；group dynamics；dominant；leadership
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運動員在運動團隊中的公平知覺主要受到教練的影響，運動員的公平知覺包含分配公平、發言權、程序公平、人際公平與訊息公平五向度。教練處於掌握資源的權力角色，如何定位自己的角色可能是影響運動員的公平知覺的重要因素。教練角色詮釋取向包含權力取向與地位取向，本研究探討教練角色詮釋取向對運動員公平知覺的影響。研究一以實驗法檢驗教練的不同取向是否影響運動員的分配公平，以文字腳本操弄34位教練的角色詮釋取向，並進行角色扮演後進行獎金分配。再請64位8年級至大專的運動員針對獎金分配的決策進行公平知覺的判斷。研究發現運動員知覺地位取向的獎金分配決策公平性高於權力取向，支持地位取向促進運動員公平知覺的假設。研究二以調查法探討教練角色詮釋取向與運動員公平知覺五向度的關連性，階段一先編製「運動員知覺教練的教練角色詮釋取向量表」與「教練自陳的角色詮釋取向量表」，階段二將運動員對於既得利益者的知覺視為控制變項，再瞭解運動員與教練兩種觀點的教練角色詮釋取向，以及兩種觀點在同一種取向的一致性對運動員公平知覺五向度的預測力。階段一與階段二各自徵求22位、18位教練與316位、272位中學運動員擔任研究參與者。多元階層迴歸分析結果發現在控制既得利益者的知覺後，教練角色詮釋取向對運動員公平知覺的預測力顯著增加，解釋變異量介於8.60% ~ 26.49%。研究結果支持運動員公平知覺受到教練角色詮釋取向所影響。教練角色詮釋取向是教練對於自己角色的定位，是一種有機會改變的認知，在實務應用上，教練可能因為提高地位取向的程度、降低權力取向的程度而提高運動員的公平知覺。教練處於威權的角色，指導運動員完成目標，可能所採用的策略會讓運動員同時感受高地位取向與高權力取向，兩取向的交互作用對運動員公平知覺的影響值得未來研究加以探討。
Justice perceptions of athletes depend on how their coach treats them. Five of the most prominent and fundamental justice perceptions of athletes are distributive justice, procedural justice, voice, interpersonal justice and informational justice. Coach is a role of dominanting resources. The interpretation of the role of coach could be the antecedents of athlete’s justice perception. In this study, we examined this research question. In Study one, we conducted an experiment to examine the effect of coaches’ different orientations on athletes’ distributive justice. Participants were 34 coaches who were manipulated in either status or power conditions and then asked to play a role of a head coach to allocate money to team members. Distributive justice ratings were based on 64 student athlete ratings of the allocation outcomes. The finding of study one supported our hypothesis that status condition increases athletes’ justice perceptions. In study two, we conducted a survey to examine the relationship between justice perceptions and the interpretation of status and power of the role of coach. We develop two measurements, one is the questionnaire of coach’s interpretation of status and power of the role of coach and the other is the questionnaire of athlete’s interpretation of status and power of the role of coach. In the second phase, we conducted the analysis while outcome favorability was seen as a control variable, coaches’ interpretation of the coach role, athlete’s interpretation of the coach role and the consisitency of interpretation of between coaches and athletes were main antecedents for the five dimensions of athletes’ justice perceptions. 22 coaches and 316 athletes were recruited for the first phase, while 18 coaches and 272 athletes were recruited for the second phase. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis revealed that after controlling outcome favorability, the predictability of interpretation of coaches’ role on athletes’ justice perception has increased significantly, with the explained variation ranging between 8.60% and 26.49%. The results support our hypothesis that athletes’ justice perception is affected by the interpretation of coaches’ role. The interpretation of coaches’ role is a coach’s orientation towards his own role and such cognition is possible to be changed. For the empirical application, increasing the status interpretation and decreasing the power interpretation is a way to increase an athlete’s justice perception. Coach plays an authority role and train athletes to reach team goal. Athletes could perceive the treatment of their coach as high status orientation and high power orientation at the same time. In future research, researchers should consider the impact that the interaction of status and power of the coach role interpretation on ahthlete’s justice perceptions.
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