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題名:以音樂治療視框探究情緒行為困擾幼兒音樂與遊戲行為
作者:吳佳慧 引用關係
作者(外文):Wu, Chia-Hui
校院名稱:國立彰化師範大學
系所名稱:輔導與諮商學系所
指導教授:高淑貞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2016
主題關鍵詞:音樂治療情緒行為困擾幼兒音樂行為遊戲行為music therapypreschool childrenemotional and behavioral problemsmusic behaviorplay behavior
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以音樂治療視框探究情緒行為困擾幼兒音樂與遊戲行為
中文摘要
本研究目的在瞭解情緒行為困擾幼兒音樂治療單元中音樂與遊戲行為之特徵與意義,並探討兒童中心音樂治療運用於幼兒心理評估之可行性。研究採用共識質性研究設計,針對五位情緒行為困擾幼兒音樂治療單元之錄影帶、治療紀錄以及研究札記進行分析,形成研究結果如下:
一、幼兒在治療中的音樂行為特徵與意義:聚焦樂器演奏;自主選擇樂器;頻繁地變換並使用多樣的樂器;對樂器整潔與秩序的要求;缺乏對樂器與對音樂的探索;反覆練習樂器的敲法;多短暫不連續的敲奏;各具特色的敲奏行為;透過樂器展現能力與經驗;覺察治療師的音樂;自主決定接受或拒絕治療師的跟隨與引導;缺乏合奏行為;不同程度的音樂性互動等;反映出幼兒獨特的心理狀態。
二、幼兒在治療中的遊戲行為特徵與意義:多功能性與規則遊戲;較少建構與想像遊戲;「自主」、「展現能力」、「宣洩」與「控制」為典型的主題;僅少數幼兒維持流暢的口語互動;能透過肢體的互動;以及直接表達情感等。
三、幼兒自發演奏之音樂元素特徵與意義:多數幼兒具穩定基礎拍;展現明確節奏模式;普遍有大跳旋律、音階及滑奏;多數幼兒維持中等力度、中等速度,而不同音樂元素同樣反映不同心理意義。
四、依據行為中音樂元素的運用與否,可區分出「音樂性遊戲」與「一般性遊戲」,可作為音樂性介入與口語性介入的指引。
五、幼兒於兒童中心音樂治療中整體行為之自主性、變化性、整合性與張力表現等向度有助於理解幼兒之心理,可作為幼兒心理評估之方法。
本研究依據研究結果提出具體建議,供相關領域實務工作者、教師、家長與研究者之參考。
The Study of Music and Play Behaviors in Preschool Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems: from A Music Therapy Perspective
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to understand the features and meanings of the music and play behaviors in preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems in a child-centered music therapy setting. It also intended to investigate the feasibility of applying child-centered music therapy on the psychological assessment of preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems. Five preschool children with emotional and behavioral problems were invited to individual child-centered music therapy sessions. Session records, videotapes and researcher’s diary were analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research method. The results showed follows:
1.The features and meanings of the children’s music behaviors included focusing on music instrument playing, choosing instruments autonomously, changing instruments frequently, requiring tidy of music instruments, lacking of exploration on instruments or music elements, practicing instruments, unsustained playing and unique playing pattern, unfolding abilities or experiences through instrument playing, realizing therapist’s music, deciding to follow the therapist’s guidance autonomously, lacking of ensemble, interacting with the therapist musically in different ways, which all represented a variety of psychological meanings.
2.The features and meanings of the children’s play behaviors included more functional play and games with rules, less constructive play and symbolic play, less maintaining verbal interaction, being able to interact physically, expressing emotion naturally, which also reflected different psychological meanings.
3.The features of the children’s music elements included steady beats, definite rhythmic and melodic patterns, moderate tempo and dynamics.
4.The appearance or not of music elements in children’s behaviors could be a guidance to the application of musical or verbal intervention.
5.The observation on autonomy, variety, integration, and tension of the children’s behaviors in child-centered music therapy could be a suitable way for psychological assessment.
Suggestions were provided for music therapists, counseling psychologists, teachers, parents and future researchers.
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