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題名:台灣地區服務業成長變遷與競爭優勢之比較研究
作者:孫延淵
作者(外文):SUN, YEN-YUAN
校院名稱:國立高雄師範大學
系所名稱:地理學系
指導教授:吳連賞
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2017
主題關鍵詞:服務業競爭優勢移轉份額分析區位商數service sectorcompetitive advantagesShift-Share Analysilocatin quotient
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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世界主要經濟國家自1980年代以來去工業化發展之結果,造成服務業經濟的蓬勃發展,迄今服務業已成為包括台灣在內的多數國家經濟成長與就業創造的主要來源。本研究主要探討台灣地區服務業成長變遷及其空間分布情形,以及分析比較六個直轄市(簡稱六都)具競爭優勢之服務業類別。
首先蒐集台灣地區整體產業與服務業之歷年統計資料,透過基本的描述性統計分析,配合吉尼係數(Gini Coefficient)之計算及地理資訊系統圖形展示成果,以瞭解服務業在整體產業中之發展趨勢、內部結構變遷情形及其在空間分布上之差異。其次,透過移轉份額分析(Shift-Share Analysis)之計算,得到各直轄市由地區競爭效果所衍生的「地區產業競爭力」值,配合區位商數(Location Quotient)計算所得結果,分析比較六都產業特性與具競爭優勢之服務業類別。
研究結果顯示,服務業已取代工業成為台灣地區產業結構之重心,但就業創造效果低於先進國家。核心行業則為「住宿及餐飲業」、「支援服務業」、「專業、科學及技術服務業」以及「醫療保健及社會工作服務業」,整體服務業有逐漸朝向以知識型產業創造就業規模之趨勢。空間分布方面,歷年來集中於北、中、高三大都會區,且有往台北都會區集中成長之趨勢。六都服務業競爭優勢之比較結果,則更凸顯出服務業集中於台北市之情形,亦呈現出其餘五都產業競爭優勢之差異,而縣市合併升格後之台中市、台南市、高雄市,則因合併前縣、市產業特性差異大,致合併後反而弱化其原有之競爭優勢。
The results of industrialization by the the world's major economic countries since 1980s, have boosted the vigorous development in the service industry. So far, the service industry has become the main source of economic growth and employment creation in most countries, including Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to explore the growth changes in the service industry and its spatial distribution in Taiwan, as well as to analyse and compare the categories of the service industries which possess competitive advantages in the six municipalities.
First, we collect the statistical data of both the whole industry and the service industry in Taiwan, then through basic descriptive statistical analysis, the calculation of Gini Coefficient and the graphic display results of GIS, we can understand the development trends, the internal structural changes and the differences in spatial distribution of the service industry in the whole industry. Secondly, through the calculation of Shift-Share Analysis, each municipality’s value of "regional industrial competitiveness" derived from the regional competition effect is obtained, and through the calculation of locatin quotient, we analyze the six municipalities’industrial characteristics and their competitive service sector's category.
The study results show that the service sector has replaced the other industry as the focus of Taiwan's industrial structure, but its employment creation effetiveness is lower than advanced countries. Its core services are "accommodation and catering", "support services", "professional, scientific and technical services" and "health care and social work services". The overall service industry is seeing a gradual trend towards mass-employment-creation-by-knowledge-based industries.
Over the years the spatial distribution has focused on the northen, central and southern three metropolitan areas, and there is a trend toward concentrated development in the Taipei Metropolitan area. The comparison results of the competitive advantages of the six municipalities’ service industries even highlight the situation in which the service industry is concentrated in Taipei City, and also show the differences in the competitive advantages of indutries in the remaining five municipalities. As for the upgraded Taichung, Tainan and Kaohsiung, due to the large differences among industrial characteristics before county-city merger, their original competitive advantages have been weakened after the merger.
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