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題名:外派人員心理資本對海外適應之影響—檢驗社會資本的中介效果及外派人員類型的調節效果
作者:蘇中南
作者(外文):To Trung Nam
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:企業管理研究所
指導教授:邱雅萍
嚴奇峰
學位類別:博士
出版日期:2021
主題關鍵詞:外派人員類型心理資本社會資本海外適應越南臺商Types of ExpatriatesPsychological CapitalSocial CapitalOverseas AdaptationTaiwanese Businessmen in Vietnam
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在東南亞經濟發展快速及中美貿易戰持續延燒的情勢下,許多大陸台商逐漸轉移至東南亞各國設廠並派出人員(公司指派型外派人員)前往當地工作;此外自行前往該地區工作的臺灣人(自發型外派人員)亦逐年增加。對企業組織而言,擁有國際經驗的人員都是重要之人力資源。然而許多研究發現外派人員海外適應不良是造成外派績效不佳之主要原因,並為跨國企業帶來了很大損失。因此外派人員海外適應問題是跨國企業應審慎面對的重要課題。
目前外派適應的相關研究,有兩個課題需要深入探討;其一是過去研究主要以跨國企業之指派型外派人員為研究對象,而忽略了近年出現的自發型外派人員;這衍生出第二個課題,是過去研究多探討影響海外適應之前因(如人格特質、組織支持等),然因自發型外派人員的新興趨勢,就必須關注到心理資本、社會資本與海外適應上所產生的影響。最後,本研究通過對外派人員心理資本對海外適應之影響、心理資本對社會資本的影響、社會資本的中介影響,以及外派人員類型在心理資本與社會資本對海外適應影響結果之調節效果。
本研究以臺灣赴越南的二種外派人員為研究對象,使用問卷調查蒐集資料,並透過迴歸分析驗證本研究所提出之假設。本研究採用滾雪球抽樣回收問卷,主要透過臺灣和越南相關人士協助與網路方式發放問卷。總共發放了300份,回收總數為250份,其中有效回收問卷為192份,佔問卷總數的76.80%。
實證研究結果發現以下五點結論:(一)外派人員之心理資本對海外適應有正向影響;(二)外派人員之心理資本對社會資本有正向影響;(三)外派人員之社會資本對心理資本與海外適應之間有部分中介影響;(四)外派人員心理資本對其海外適應之影響,會受到外派人員類型調節其影響,其中自發型外派人員心理資本對海外適應之正向直接調節影響大於指派型外派人員;(五)外派人員類型會調節社會資本(對心理資本與海外適應)之中介效果,指派型外派人員之間接調節效果大於自發型外派人員。最後,本研究根據上述之研究結果提供學術及實務上建議。
With the rapid economic development in Southeast Asia and the continuing Sino-US trade war, many Taiwanese companies have gradually moved to Southeast Asia to set up factories and send personnel (company-designated expatriates) to Vietnam. The number of Taiwanese (Self-Initiated Expatriates) who went to work in Southeast Asia increased year by year. For business organizations, personnel with international experience are essential human resources. However, many studies have found that the maladaptation of expatriates abroad is the cause of the poor performance of expatriates and has brought great losses to multinational companies. Therefore, the overseas adaptation of expatriates is an important issue that multinational companies should face carefully.
At present, two topics need to be explored in depth in the related research on expatriate adaptation. The first topic is that the past research mainly focused on the assigned expatriates (AEs) of multinational corporations and ignored the Self-Initiated Expatriates (SIEs) that have appeared in recent years. The second topic is that previous studies have mostly explored overseas adaptation factors (such as personality traits, organizational support, etc.). However, due to the emerging trend of the SIEs, it is necessary to pay attention to psychological capital, social capital, and overseas adaptation. Finally, this study examines the influence of the psychological capital of expatriates on overseas adaptation, the influence of psychological capital on social capital, the mediating effect of social capital, and the moderating effect of the types of expatriates on the impact of psychological capital and social capital on overseas adaptation.
This study takes two types of expatriates from Taiwan to Vietnam as the research objects, uses questionnaire surveys to collect data, and tests the hypotheses put forward by this research through regression analysis. This research uses snowball sampling to collect questionnaires, mainly through the assistance of relevant people in Taiwan and Vietnam and the Internet to distribute the questionnaires. There were 300 questionnaire copies issued, and 250 copies returned, of which 192 were valid questionnaires, accounting for 76.80% of the total number of questionnaires.
The empirical research results drew the following five conclusions: (1) The psychological capital of expatriates has a positive impact on overseas adaptation. (2) The psychological capital of expatriates has a positive impact on social capital. (3) The psychological capital of expatriates has a positive impact on social capital, and social capital has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological capital and overseas adaptation. (4) The expatriates’ type has a direct mediating impact between psychological capital and overseas adaptation. The moderating effect is stronger when the expatriate type is SIEs. (5) Expatriate type significantly moderates the indirect relationship between psychological capital, social capital, and overseas adaptation. This indirect moderating effect is stronger when the expatriate type is AEs. Finally, this research provides academic as well as practical recommendations based on the above research results.
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