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題名:再論「妙法蓮華經」之「十如是」譯文
書刊名:中華佛學學報
作者:黃國清 引用關係
作者(外文):Huang, Kuoching
出版日期:2000
卷期:13(上)
頁次:頁137-154
主題關鍵詞:法華經十如是五種法大智度論意譯Lotus SutraTen such-likesFive dharmasDa zhidu lunInterpretative translation
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     鳩摩羅什所譯《妙法蓮華經》的〈方便品〉中,有所謂「十如是」的譯文,即:「諸法如是相、如是性、如是體、如是力、如是作、如是因、如是緣、如是果、如是報、如是本末究竟等。」考《正法華經》、《法華經論》兩種漢譯文獻,及現存梵本、藏譯本,發現對應於此段的文句均甚為一致,僅有五項,除「相」與「性」兩項之外,「十如是」的其他項目並未出現。現代學者們的研究指出「十如是」的大多數項目可在《大智度論》中找到,推定羅什根據這部論書的文義而對「十如是」作解釋性的翻譯。除用語的相似性外,《妙法華》列舉十個如是是為了開闡「諸法實相」,《大智度論》出現「十如是」之數項的文脈也旨在說明「諸法實相」,故知兩者實有義理上的密切關聯性。從現存梵本來看,「十如是」的文義極為抽象,最接近梵本的《法華經論》譯為「何等法、云何法、何似法、何相法、何體法」,總不及什譯本的具體明確。羅什的譯法,有助於提高漢地讀誦者對此段經文的接受度。
     In the “Expedient Means” chapter of Kumaarajiiva's translation of the Lotus Suutra, there is a passage that reads “The dharmas are like this characteristic, like this nature, like this essence, like this power, like this action, like this cause, like this condition, like this result, like this retribution, like this fundamental and derivative ultimate.” The other two Chinese translations, the Sanskrit, and the Tibetan translation are all in agreement at this point, but of the “ten such-likes” they only include those concerning characteristic and nature. Scholars have pointed out that most of the ten items may be found out in the Da zhi-du lun (Great Treatise on the Perfection of Wisdom), and there has been speculation that Kumaarajiiva performed an interpretive translation based on his knowledge of the Da zhidu lun text. The Lotus Suutra enumeration of the ten such-likes occurs as an explanation of the true characteristics of the dharmas, and the contexts in which the categories included in the ten such-likes appear in the Da zhidu lun are all aimed at the explanation of the true characteristics of the dharmas, so that we may accept the very close doctrinal relationship between the relevant sections of the two texts. Based on the extant Sanskrit version of the Suutra, the meaning of the ten such-likes passage is very abstract, as the chinese translation of the Lotus Sutra Treatise, which closely approximates the Sanskrit text reads: “What dharmas, what kind of dharmas, what resemblance of dharmas, what characteristic of dharmas, what essence of dharmas.” This achieves neither the specificity nor the understandability of the Kumaarajiiva translation. Therefore, even as we recognize that the ten such-likes rendering is a paraphrase, we may affirm that Kumaarajiiva had a doctrinal basis in arriving at this translation. At the same time, we should be aware that this rendition allowed the passage to be easily understood by Chinese readers.
期刊論文
1.Leung, K.、Koch, P. T.、Lu, L.(1993)。A dualistic model of harmony and its implications for conflict management in Asia。Asia Pacific Journal of Management,19,201-220。  new window
圖書
1.鳩摩羅什。妙法蓮華經。  延伸查詢new window
2.世親。法華經論。  延伸查詢new window
3.印順(1971)。中觀今論。正聞。  延伸查詢new window
4.印順(1949)。佛法概論。新竹:臺北:正聞出版社。  延伸查詢new window
5.辛嶋靜志(1998)。正法華經詞典。東京:創價大學國際佛教學高等研究所。  延伸查詢new window
6.法華玄義。  延伸查詢new window
7.釋印順(1985)。空之探究。台北:正聞出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.平川彰(1997)。佛教漢梵大辭典。東京:靈友會。  延伸查詢new window
9.竺法護。正法華經。  延伸查詢new window
10.妙法蓮華經。  延伸查詢new window
11.高僧傳。東京。  延伸查詢new window
12.(1978)。梵文法華經寫本集成(二)。梵文法華經寫本集成(二)。京都。  延伸查詢new window
13.臺北版西藏大藏經。臺北:南天書局。  延伸查詢new window
14.中村元(1975)。華厳経の思想史的意義。華厳思想。京都。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(隋)釋智顗。法華文句。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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