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題名:國語表強調的「是」與表預斷的「會」
書刊名:清華學報
作者:謝佳玲
作者(外文):Hsieh, Chia-ling
出版日期:2001
卷期:31:3
頁次:頁249-300
主題關鍵詞:情態焦點主題提升ModalityFocusTopic raising
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
相關次數:
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(5) 博士論文(2) 專書(1) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:50
  • 點閱點閱:1221
本文的目的在探討國語表強調的“是”與表預斷的“會”的異同,例如:
(1)他是在臺北買那本書的。
(2)他會在臺北買那本書的。
過去文獻曾指出“是”與“會”在功能上的相似性,然而對於它們之間的個別特徵 與共同性質並沒有專門的討論,本文旨在結合語意、句法及語用三個層面,對“是”與“會”的功能提出一套完整的描述與詮釋。我們的結論可以歸納如下,在語意內涵方面, 表強調的“是”與表預斷的“會”都牽涉到認知情態,前者表達說話者斷定命題成立的 可能性,後者傳遞說話者預測並斷定命題未來成立的可能性。就句法特徵而言,表強調的“是”與認知情態動詞(如“可能”)一樣,次類劃分一個子句,並允許補語內的主題提升到述語之前;而表預斷的“會”則性質較為多樣,它的出現分佈與義務情態動詞(如“應該”)重疊,範疇選擇卻與動力情態動詞(如“能夠”)相近。至於語用功能方面,表強調的“是”帶有標示說話者強調的焦點屬性,必須與其他的焦點表示法和諧共處;相 對的,表預斷的“會”不貝聚焦的作用,因此可以自由地與焦點機制連用。最後,本文為“是”與“會”的共時變異提出一個歷時解釋,希望藉此更能確實掌握國語“是”與“會”的語法特徵。
This paper investigates the similarities aad differences between emphatic shi and predictive-assertive hui in Mandarin Chinese, as the following examples illustrate.
(1) Ta shi zai Taipei mai na ben shu de.
Ite shi in Taipei buy that CL book Particle
"He did buy that book in Taipei."
(2) Ta hui zai Taipei mai na ben shu de.
He hui in Taipei buy that CL book Particle
"He will buy that book in Taipei."
These two words have been acknowledged to exhibit correspondence in their functions, but they have not been systematically examined in terms of their individual and shared features. This paper aims to thoroughly describe and explain their functions with regard to semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic dimensions. Our conclusion can be summarized as follows. Semantically, both emphatic shi and predictive-assertive hui involve epistemic modality. While shi expresses the speaker's assertion on the truth of a proposition, hui conveys the speaker's predictive assertion on the future possibility of a proposition. Syntactically, emphatic shi acts as an epistemic modal verb (e.g. ke-neng "be possible"), subcategorizing a sentence and allowing the topic to be raised to the front of the predicate. In contrast, hui displays a greater variety of syntactic behaviors, its distribution overlapping with that of a deontic modal verb (e.g. ying-gai "should"), whereas its categorical selection resembling that of a dynamic modal verb (e.g. neng "be able to"). Pragmatically, emphatic shi carries a focal feature that marks the speaker's emphasis, so it must get well along with the other focus devices. Conversely, assertive hui lacks such a feature, thus able to coexist freely with focal constructions. Finally, we suggest that the synchronic variations of shi and hui can be accounted for from a diachronic perspective, with a view to better capturing the grammatical characteristics of shi and hui in Mandarin Chinese.
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14.屈承熹(1983)。Definiteness, presupposition, topic, and focus in Mandarin Chinese。漢語句法、語意學論集。臺北:學生書局。  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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