This article concerns about whether the concept of risk can be used to construct a social theory just like the concept of class of the Marxism does. Only when the "risk" has become the most basically principle of the social construction in the modern society, then we can agree with Ulrich Beck to substitute the conventional social justice idea of the wealth distribution for the new logic of "risk distribution". The study contains four parts. Firstly, it describes Beck's discussion about the Risk Society Theory and the social justice problems within it. Secondly, the perspectives of Anthony Giddens and Niklas Luhmann would be helpful to complement the deficiency in Beck's theory. Thirdly, the critique of the Risk Society and the Second Modern Theory from the structural-functionalist sociologist Richard M/inch would be introduced. Finally, the Beck's theory would be observed from the aspect of the rationality. From this point of view we can conclude that, on the one hand, Beck's theory belongs to the tradition of Germen sociology which tries to solve the problems of the instrumental rationality since Max Weber; on the another hand, the approach the "Second Modern" deals with the reason problems makes it stand between the "Modern" and the "Postmodern" theories.