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引文資料
題名:
Utilizing Multiethnic Resources in Multinational Corporations: Taiwan-based Firms in Silicon Valley
書刊名:
臺灣社會學刊
作者:
曾瑞鈴
作者(外文):
Tzeng, Rueyling
出版日期:
2004
卷期:
32
頁次:
頁103-147
主題關鍵詞:
社會資本
;
鑲嵌
;
關係
;
人際網絡
;
跨國企業
;
Social capital
;
Embeddedness
;
Guanxi
;
Interpersonal networks
;
Multinational corporations
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
2
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
2
共同引用:
11
點閱:49
過去的研究認為華人的跨國事業只是侷限於華人圈的族裔經濟活動。然而此研究應用Adler與Kwon所提的社會資本概念,分析38家矽谷受訪台商,發現他們擅於運用跨族裔網絡的資源,打入美國經濟的主流市場。這些受訪廠商雇用華裔美人從事「後台」工作如工程師,雇用白人從事「前台」工作,如負責人與行銷經理。同樣的,這些廠商通常將類似「後台」工作外包華人所經營的公司,而將類似「前台」工作外包白人所經營的公司。這些發現顯示,矽谷台商擅於運用華人員工或華人公司所具有的內聚功能的(bonding form)社會資本,從事運籌帷幄的後勤營運工作;以及運用白人員工或白人公司所具有的聯外功能的( bridging form )社會資本,從事拓疆拉生意的工作以便打入美國市場。 此外,此研究有三點發現:(1)由於具有雙語及瞭解雙文化的技能,華裔美人對矽谷台商也能發揮聯外功能的社會資本。(2)矽谷台商通常透過個人網絡來雇用美國白人,或者傾向於雇用年長穩重、有與亞洲人共事經驗的白人,因為這些白人可能具有符合台商文化的內聚功能的社會資本,較能適應台商文化。(3)矽谷台商內部員工的族裔組合比例,以及最高負責人的族裔屬性不但是鑲嵌於公司的社會網絡中,也受公司對於多元文化管理的態度與能力所影響。
以文找文
Using Adler and Kwon's concept of social capital, the author explains how Taiwan-based firms operating in California's Silicon Valley are making full use of multiethnic resources to break into mainstream American markets. According to information gathered through interviews with representatives from 38 Taiwan-based firms, these companies employ Chinese Americans or contract Chinese-led service firms for "back room" operations (e.g., business logistics) while hiring Caucasian Americans or contracting Caucasian-led firms for "front room" positions (e.g., management, marketing, and sales). In Adler and Kwon's terminology, these companies are using bonding social capital for daily operations and bridging social capital to enter the mainstream American economy. The research also asserts that a) ChineseAmerican employees are increasingly capable of providing bridging social capital due to their bilingual and bicultural skills; b) Taiwan-based firms in Silicon Valley tend to use personal networks to identify potential Caucasian employees, favoring candidates with previous experience working with Asians or those who are older and more mature in order to ensure a certain degree of bonding social capital; and c) the ethnic compositions of employee bases and the ethnic backgrounds of executives in individual Taiwan-based firms in Silicon Valley are evolving. This reflects changing patterns in social networks and the willingness and ability of companies to accept multiethnic management as a potential asset leading to greater profitability.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Kostova, Tatiana、Roth, Kendall(2003)。Social Capital in Multinational Corporations and A Micro-Macro Model of Its Formation。Academy of Management Review,28(2),297-317。
2.
Hitt, M. A.、Lee, H. U.、Yucel, E.(2002)。The importance of social capital to the management of multinational enterprises: Relational networks among Asian and Western firms。Asia Pacific Journal of Management,19(2/3),353-372。
3.
Pennings, Johannes M.、Lee, Kyungmook、Van Witteloostuijn, Arjen(1998)。Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution。Academy of Management Journal,41(4),425-440。
4.
Uzzi, Brian(1996)。The Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: The Network Effect。American Sociological Review,61(4),674-698。
5.
Saxenian, Annalee L.、Hsu, Jinn-Yuh(2001)。The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu connection: technical communities and industrial upgrading。Industrial and Corporate Change,10(4),893-920。
6.
Lin, N.(1982)。Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology。Annual Review of Sociology,24(1),1-24。
7.
Hsu, Jinn-yuh、Saxenian, AnnaLee(2000)。The Limits of Guanxi Capitalism: Transnational Collaboration between Taiwan and USA。Environment and Planning,32(11),1991-2005。
8.
Fernandez, Roberto M.、Castilla, Emilio J.、Moore, Paul(2000)。Social capital at work: Networks and employment at a phone center。The American Journal of Sociology,105(5),1288-1356。
9.
Kao, J.(1993)。The Worldwide web of Chinese business。Harvard Business Review,71(2),24-36。
10.
曾嬿芬(19971200)。Ethnic Resources as Forms of Social Capital: A Study on Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Los Angeles。臺灣社會學研究,1,169-205。
11.
Tzeng, Rueyling(1995)。International Labor Migration through Multinational Enterprises。International Migration Review,29(1),139-154。
12.
Adler, Paul S.、Kwon, Seok-Woo(2002)。Social Capital: Prospects for A New Concept。The Academy of Management Review,27(1),17-40。
13.
Krackhardt, David、Hanson, Jeffrey R.(1993)。Informal Networks: The Company Behind the Chart。Harvard Business Review,71(4),104-111。
14.
Granovetter, Mark S.(1973)。The Strength of Weak Ties。American Journal of Sociology,78(6),1360-1380。
15.
Granovetter, Mark S.(1985)。Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness。American Journal of Sociology,91(3),481-510。
16.
Coleman, James S.(1988)。Social capital in the creation of human capital。American Journal of Sociology,94(suppl.),S95-S120。
17.
Portes, A.、Landolt, P.(1996)。The Downside of Social Capital。The American Prospect,26(18/ 19/ 20/ 21)。
18.
Angel, D. P.、Engstrom, J.(1995)。Manufacturing Systems and Technological Change: The U. S. Personal Computer Industry。Economic Geography,71(1),79-102。
19.
Sanders, J.、Nee, V.、Sernau, S.(2002)。Asian Immigrants' Reliance on Social Ties in a Multiethnic Labor Market。Social Forces,81(1),281-314。
20.
Zhou, Y.(1996)。Inter-Firm Linkages, Ethnic Networks, and Territorial Agglomeration: Chinese Computer Firms in Los Angeles。Papers in Regional Science,75(3),265-291。
21.
Zhou, Y.(1998)。How Do Places Matter? A Comparative Study of Chinese Ethnic Economies in Los Angeles and New York City。Urban Geography,19(6),531-553。
圖書
1.
Saxenian, A. L.(1999)。Silicon Valley's New Immigrant Entrepreneurs。San Francisco, CA::PublicPolicy Institute of California.。
2.
Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung(1998)。Transnational Corporations and Business Networks: Hong Kong Firms in the ASEAN Region。London, UK:Routledge。
3.
Burt, Ronald S.(1992)。Structural Holes. Cambridge。Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press。
4.
Light, I.、Karageorgis, S.(1994)。The Ethnic Economy。The Handbook of Economic Sociology。Princeton, NJ。
5.
Institute for Information Industry(1999)。Information Industry Yearbook Taiwan R.O.C.。Information Industry Yearbook Taiwan R.O.C.。Taipei。
6.
龔宜君(2002)。Foreign Capital and Ethnic Relation: the Formation and Development of Taiwanese Business in Malacca。Taiwanese Business in Southeast Asia: Network, Identity and Globalization。Taipei。
7.
Yeung, Henry Wai-Chung(2000)。The Dynamics of the Globalization of Chinese Business Firms。Globalization of Chinese Business Firms。NY。
8.
Zhang, Hai-Yan、Van Den Bulcke, D.(2000)。Internationalization of Ethnic Chinese-owned Enterprises。Globalization of Chinese Business Firms。NY。
9.
Zhou, Y.(2000)。Bridging the Continents。Globalization of Chinese Business Firms。NY。
其他
1.
Venture, J.(1999)。Workforce Study: An Analysis of the Workforce Gap in Silicon Valley,沒有紀錄。
2.
Kao, Lan-Hsin(1999)。Chan Tsai Meng Tu Shang Kung Chuang Shu Wei Sheng Ya Hsin Shih Yeh - His Ku Chu Ko Chang Shang Jen Tsai Hsu Chiu Tiao Cha,沒有紀錄。
圖書論文
1.
Erickson, Bonnie H.(2001)。Good networks and good jobs: The value of social capital to employers and employees。Social capital: Theory and research。New York:Aldine de Gruyter。
2.
Bian, Y.(2001)。Guanxi Capital and Social Eating in Chinese Cities: Theoretical Models and Empirical Analyses。Social Capital: Theory and Research。NY:Aldine De Gruyter。
3.
Granovetter, M.(1995)。The Economic Sociology of Firms and Entrepreneurs。The Economic Sociology of Immigration: Essays on Networks, Ethnicity, and Entrepreneurship。New York:Russell Sage Foundation。
4.
Saxenian, Anna L.(2000)。Transnational Entrepreneurs and Regional Industrialization: The Silicon Valley-Hsinchu Connection。Embeddedness and Corporate Change in a Global Economy。Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.。
5.
曾嬿芬(2000)。Immigrant Firms and Transnational Embeddedness: Chinese Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles。Embeddedness and Corporate Change in a Global Economy。NY:Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.。
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