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題名：臺灣族群不平等的再探討：解釋本省/外省族群差異的縮減
書刊名：臺灣社會學刊
作者：蘇國賢 引用關係／喻維欣
作者(外文)：Su, Kuo-hsien／Yu, Wei-hsin
出版日期：2007
卷期：39
頁次：頁1-63
主題關鍵詞：族群不平等；族群類聚；文化資本；Ethnic inequality；Ethnic homophily；Cultural capital
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(16) 博士論文(3) 專書(1) 專書論文(1)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:15
  • 共同引用共同引用:704
  • 點閱點閱:225
戰後外省大量移民改變了台灣人口結構，使台灣頓時成爲多元族群的社會。過去文獻指出，僅管族群差異逐漸縮減，本省人的社會經濟地位仍較外省人爲低。有些學者提出政治排外的論述來解釋族群不平等，另有學者從家庭背景（如父母社經地位與華爾茲教育程度、語言文化等）來討論影響不平等再製的因素。本文首先運用「台灣社會變遷基本調查」匯整資料來分析外省與本省族群在教育年數與初識識業聲望上的長期趨勢，發現兩者差異急速縮減。由此引出本文的問題：「何以外省人作爲一個優勢外來移民，無法持續其優勢地位？」奠基於蔡淑鈴等國內爲學者在族群不平等的先驅研究，本文試圖提出一個本省／外省差異縮減的可能解釋架構。從「79年戶口及住宅普查」資料的分析中，我們發現外省人有集中在公部門的情形，且外省人就讀文組或從事語方媒體相關職業的比例偏高。我們進一步運用「台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫」，針對中學生的認知能力進行分析，推論語言能力在聯中的相對比較優勢及職業文化上的親近性，可能是導致外省人就讀文科或從事文職比例偏高的原因。這些寶證發現指出，外省人移民初期在職業上的類聚與分佈，對於其後代的志向選擇及市場競爭能力有長遠的影響：由於語言上的比較優勢、文化上的親近性、及職業類聚的影響，導致外省人比較可能任職於公部門等較難累積「創租資才」、且不易透過代間移轉來繼承優勢的職業。這種在機會結構及競爭場域中的差異性人口分佈，可能是導致外省與本省族群社經地位迅速平等化甚至逆轉的重要結構性因素。
The postwar influx of migrants from Mainland China-"Mainlanders"-rapidly and significantly increased ethnic diversity in Taiwan. Previous research comparing their socioeconomic attainments with those of native Taiwanese-"Islanders"-has consistently identified the first group's advantages. However, such ethnic differences have apparently decreased over time. Factors commonly used to explain Taiwan's ethnic inequality generally fail to account for the Mainlanders' inability to reproduce their socioeconomic advantages across generations. In this paper we focus on the question of why ethnic gaps in education and occupational status have narrowed or closed over time. Using TSCS data collected over several years, we first demonstrate how the two groups have converged in terms of years of education and first occupation status. Next, we use the population census to examine ethnic segregation by college major and occupation, and report that Mainlanders are more likely than islanders to major in the humanities. Our analysis of a separate set of TEPS data suggests that is a result of the Mainlanders' comparative advantage in language skills. Consistent with their choice of major, Mainlanders are also less likely to hold jobs that are conducive to "rent-generating" assets. We therefore argue that the cultural and linguistic affinity, plus the higher concentration of public sector workers among early generation Mainlanders living on Taiwan, have all affected their descendents' strategies for both educational and commercial success. As an unintended consequence, occupational segregation by ethnicity has accelerated the equalization process, thereby accounting for (at least in part) the convergence and possible reversal of trends in educational and occupational inequalities.
期刊論文
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15.Breen, Richard、Goldthorpe, John H.(1997)。Explaining educational differentials: Towards a formal rational action theory。Rationality and Society，9(3)，275-305。  new window
16.王甫昌(20021200)。族群接觸機會？還是族群競爭？：本省閩南人族群意識內涵與地區差異模式之解釋。臺灣社會學，4，11-74。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.駱明慶(20010600)。教育成就的省籍與性別差異。經濟論文叢刊，29(2)，117-152。new window  延伸查詢new window
18.蔡淑鈴、瞿海源(19930700)。Educational Attainment in Taiwan: Comparisons of Ethnic Groups。國家科學委員會研究彙刊. 人文及社會科學，3(2)，188-202。  延伸查詢new window
19.de Graaf, Nan Dirk、de Graaf, Paul M.、Kraaykamp, Gerbert(2000)。Parental Cultural Capital and Educational Attainment in the Netherlands: A Refinement of the Cultural Capital Perspective。Sociology of Education，73(2)，92-111。  new window
20.吳乃德(19971200)。檳榔和拖鞋，西裝及皮鞋：臺灣階級流動的族群差異及原因。臺灣社會學研究，1，137-167。new window  延伸查詢new window
21.蔡淑鈴(20010600)。語言使用與職業階層化的關係：比較臺灣男性的族群差異。臺灣社會學，1，65-111。new window  延伸查詢new window
22.王甫昌(20021200)。邁向臺灣族群關係的在地研究與理論：「族群與社會」專題導論。臺灣社會學，4，1-10。new window  延伸查詢new window
23.曾嬿芬(19971200)。Ethnic Resources as Forms of Social Capital: A Study on Chinese Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Los Angeles。臺灣社會學研究，1，169-205。new window  new window
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25.陳婉琪(20051200)。族群、性別與階級：再探教育成就的省籍差異。臺灣社會學，10，1-39。new window  延伸查詢new window
26.陳東升、陳端容(20021200)。跨族群政治討論網絡的形成及其影響因素。臺灣社會學，4，119-157。  延伸查詢new window
27.蔡瑞明(1999)。臺灣、美國與日本社會流動的結構分析。臺灣社會學刊，22，83-125。new window  延伸查詢new window
28.Bonacich, Edna(1976)。Advanced Capitalism and Black/White Race Relations in the United States: A Split Labor Market Interpretation。American Sociological Review，41(1)，34-51。  new window
29.Logan, John R.、Alba, Richard D.、McNulty, Thomas L.(1994)。Ethnic Economies in Metropolitan Regions: Miami and Beyond。Social Forces，72(3)，691-724。  new window
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會議論文
1.譚康榮(2004)。Cognitive Achievement as Competitive Status: A New Metric Approach to Comparative Educational Inequality。0。  new window
2.Chen, Vivien Wen-Chun、Lin, Evelyn Yu-Ling(2004)。Political Exclusion or Socioeconomic Reproduction? Ethnic Educational Stratification in Taiwan。0。  new window
3.蔡淑鈴(2005)。Education, Language Skills, and Labor Force Outcomes: Models and Evidence for Taiwan。0。  new window
圖書
1.Cookson, Peter W. Jr.、Persell, Caroline Hodges(1985)。Preparing for Power: America's Elite Boarding Schools。New York, NY：Basic Books。  new window
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4.Firebaugh, Glenn、Glenn, Norval D.(1997)。Analyzing repeated surveys。Thousand Oaks, Calif.:：Sage Publications。  new window
5.Schermerhorn, R. A.(1970)。Comparative Ethnic Relations: A Framework for Theory and Research。New York：Random House。  new window
6.Jencks, C. S.、Smith, M.、Acland, H.、Bane, M. J.、Cohen, D.、Gintis, H.、Heyns, B.、Michelson, S.、Jencks, Christopher(1972)。Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America。New York, NY：Harper & Row, Publishers。  new window
7.Burt, Ronald S.(1992)。Structural Holes. Cambridge。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
8.Roemer, John E.(1982)。A General Theory of Exploitation and Class。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。  new window
9.林南(2001)。Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Bowles, Samuel、Gintis, Herbert(1976)。Schooling in Capitalist America: Educational Reform and the Contradictions of Economic Life。New York：Basic Books。  new window
11.王甫昌(20030000)。當代臺灣社會的族群想像。臺北市：群學出版社。new window  延伸查詢new window
12.Kanter, Rosabeth Moss(1977)。Men and Women of the Corporation。Basic Books。  new window
13.Coleman, James(1966)。Equality of Education and Opportunity。Equality of Education and Opportunity。Washington, DC。  new window
14.Light, Ivan、Bonacich, Edna(1988)。Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Koreans in Los Angeles 1965-1982。Berkeley, CA：University of California Press。  new window
15.楊孟麗、譚康榮、黃敏雄(2001)。心理計量報告：TEPS2001分析能力測驗。心理計量報告：TEPS2001分析能力測驗。臺北市。  延伸查詢new window
16.Portes, Alejandro、Manning, Robert D.(1986)。The Immigrant Enclave: Theory and Empirical Examples。Competitive Ethnic Relations。New York, NY。  new window
17.Erikson, Robert、Jonsson, Jan O.(1996)。Introduction: Explaining Class Inequality in Educaiton: The Swedish Test Case。Can Education Be Equalized?: The Swedish Case in Comparative Perspective。Boulder, CO。  new window
18.Logan, John R.、Alba, Richard D.(1999)。Minority Niches and Immigrant Enclaves in New York and Los Angeles: Trends and Impacts。Immigration and Opportunity: Race, Ethnicity, and Employment in the United States。New York, NY。  new window
19.Sorensen, Aage(2001)。The Basic Concepts of Stratification Research: Class, Status, and Power。Social Stratification: Class, Race, Gender in Sociological Perspective。Boulder, CO。  new window
圖書論文
1.Bourdieu, Pierre、Passeron, J. C.(1973)。Cultural reproduction and social reproduction。Knowledge, education, and cultural change: Papers in the sociology of education。London, England：Tavistock。  new window
2.林忠正、林鶴玲(1992)。臺灣地區各族群的經濟差異。族群關係與國家認同。臺北：業強。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Hout, M.、Raftery, A. E.、Bell, E. O.(1993)。Making the grade: Educational stratification in the United States, 1925-1989。Persistent inequality: Changing educational attainment in thirteen countries。Boulder：Westview Press。  new window
4.蔡瑞明(1997)。台灣階級結構變遷與社會流動。九〇年代的臺灣社會。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所籌備處。  延伸查詢new window
5.喻維欣、蘇國賢(2004)。On One's Own: Self-employment Activity in Taiwan。The Reemergence of Self-Employment Activity: A Comparative Study of Self-Employment Dynamics and Social Inequality。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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