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題名:柏林的自由哲學
書刊名:史學研究
作者:顏伯儒
作者(外文):Yan, Bo-ru
出版日期:2004
卷期:18
頁次:頁255-303
主題關鍵詞:以撒柏林自由主義極權主義多元論一元論消極自由積極自由Isaiah BerlinLiberalismTotalitarianismPluralismMonismNegative libertyPositive liberty
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身處於極權主義興起、自由理想式微的二十世紀,以自由主義者自居的以撒.柏林試圖檢討西方文化如何以引領人們步入險境。透過此一問題的反省,柏林發展了他獨到的政治哲學,主要包括以下三個主題:對一元論的批判、對多元論的證成、以及以消極自由為本位的自由哲學。透過這三個看似分立,實則一貫的論述與闡釋,不僅奠定了柏林在當今自由主義中的崇高地位,亦奠定了往後自由主義的基本論調,而為低迷不振的自由主義注入一股新的活力。
Living in the 20th century, a period when totalitarianism eclipsed liberalism gradually, Isaiah Berlin, as a liberalist, tried to figure out why western civilization was heading for dangerous situation. In rethinking such a question, Berlin developed his own political philosophy, including three subjects as follows: 1. the criticism of monism, 2. the vertification of pluralism, 3. the liberal philosophy which defends passive liberty. By clarifying and explaining these subjects, which are independent with each other on the surface but inextricably interwined in essence, Berlin not only achieved great academic status but also set the basic tone of liberalism at the present time, infusing much vitality into liberalism.
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