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題名:女性凝視:婚妙照與自我影像之戲
書刊名:臺灣社會學刊
作者:李玉瑛 引用關係
作者(外文):Lee, Yu Ying
出版日期:2004
卷期:33
頁次:頁1-49
主題關鍵詞:男性凝視肖像攝影視覺文化婚紗照認同Male gazePortrait photographyWedding photographyVisual cultureIdentity
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(0) 專書(2) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:3
  • 共同引用共同引用:22
  • 點閱點閱:238
在既有攝影研究的領域中,令人驚訝的是,很少有研究討論關於女性豐富且複雜的經驗如何牽絆在照片的生產與消費之中。到底照片的擁有者,尤其是女性,是如何地觀看自己的影像?本文質疑在視覺文化中預設女性的影像只是餵養男性凝視的被動物品,這樣的視覺理論不足以解釋女性如何從觀看自己或是其他女性的影像中得到視覺愉悅。舉例而言,當代台灣的婚紗照特別展現新娘的美貌和個人風情,然而是女性而非男性一再翻閱婚紗照。在這樣的情況下,如何能說所有女性的影像都是為了取悅男性凝視?作者認為男性凝視的概念以男性為主體來討論男性觀看的愉悅,因此不能夠解釋在影像消費時代,女性觀眾的觀看經驗和女性想要製作自己形象的渴望。以台灣婚紗照消費的實證資料探討女性的觀看經驗,以及剖析視覺影像解讀的複雜性,本文認為在當代影像消費社會中,「被看」不是一定與被動/弱勢聯想在一塊,反而應該被看成是一種展示權(power of display)的體驗。影像的消費可以被理解為人們/消費者自主的參與一場「可見性的政治」(politics of visibility) 的假扮遊戲。肖像攝影是人們自主性的消費行為,其目的是為了展示自我所認同/認可的自我影像/形象(image),而這個影像/形象不可避免地會受所處社會的意識型態或是審美觀的影響。自我影像與認同的關係乃是依賴觀者在學習「看」、「被看」與「自我展示」的複雜辯證的過程中所建構出來的。
The author criticizes the assumption that all images of women are made for men - that is, they are supposed to flatter the male gaze. According to feminist critiques, women's appearances are coded for strong visual and erotic impact that connotes 'to-be-looked-at-ness.' Empirical data on the consumption practices of Taiwanese wedding photographs suggest that women can act as the lookers. Women not only gain pleasure in seeing their own images, but also from their desire to be seen. That women want to be the visual center indicates that they seek to display a 'social being' to be admired by others. Accordingly, women create images that are not meant to please male gazes so much as to create their own pleasure. The author also argues that female subjectivity is acquired through learning-to-look as well as learning-to-be-looked at.
期刊論文
1.李玉瑛(20040500)。裝扮新娘--當代臺灣婚紗業的興起與發展歷史。逢甲人文社會學報,8,183-217。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.李玉瑛(19991200)。實現你的明星夢--臺灣婚紗照的消費文化分析。臺灣社會研究,36,147-186。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Gaines, J.(1988)。White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory。Screen,29(4),12-27。  new window
圖書
1.Tagg, John(1988)。The Burden of Representation: Essays on Photographies and Histories。London, UK:University of Minnesota Press。  new window
2.Lalvani, Suren(1996)。Photography, Vision, and the Production of Modern Bodies。Albany:State University of New York Press。  new window
3.Clarke, Graham(1992)。The Portrait in Photography。London:Reaktion Books Ltd.。  new window
4.Clarke, G.(1997)。The Photograph。Oxford:Oxford university press。  new window
5.Hirsch, J.(1981)。Family Photographs: Content, Meaning and Effect。Family Photographs: Content, Meaning and Effect。New York, NY:Oxford University Press。  new window
6.Kaplan, E. A.(1983)。Women and Film: Both sides of the camera。New York:Methuer。  new window
7.Freund, Gisele(1980)。Photography and Society。London, UK:Gordon Fraser。  new window
8.Coward, R.(1984)。Female Desire。London, UK:Paladin Grafton Books。  new window
9.Betterton, R.(1987)。Looking on: Image of femininity in the visual arts and media。London, UK。  new window
10.Stacey, Jackie(1994)。Star Gazing: Hollywood Cinema and Female Spectatorship。London:New York:Routledge。  new window
11.Radway, Janice A.(1984)。Reading the Romance: Women, Patriarchy, and Popular Literature。University of North Carolina Press。  new window
12.Pollock, Griselda(1988)。Vision and Difference: Femininity, Feminism and Histories of Art。Routledge。  new window
13.Bourdieu, Pierre、Boltanski, Luc、Castel, Robert、Chamboredon, Jean-Claude、Whiteside, Shaun(1990)。Photography: A Middle-brow Art。Stanford, Calif.:Stanford University Press:Polity Press。  new window
14.Berger, John(1977)。Ways of seeing。Penguin。  new window
15.Ewen, Stuart(1988)。All Consuming Images: The Politics of Style in Contemporary Culture。New York, NY:Basic Books。  new window
16.Goffman, Ervin(1959)。The Presentation of the Self in Everyday Life。New York:Doubleday Anchor。  new window
17.Rosenblum, Naomi(1984)。A World History of Photography。New York:Abbeville Press。  new window
18.Barthes, Roland、許綺玲(1997)。明室.攝影札記。臺灣攝影工作室。  延伸查詢new window
19.Campbell, Colin(1987)。The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism。Basil Blackwell Inc.。  new window
20.Mirzoeff, Nicholas(1999)。An Introduction to Visual Culture。Routledge。  new window
21.Benjamin, W.(1970)。Illuminations。Illuminations。London, UK。  new window
22.Homberger, E.(1992)。J. P. Morgan's Nose: Photographer and Subject in American Portrait Photography。The Portrait in Photography。London, UK。  new window
23.King, G.(1984)。Say 'Cheese'!: Looking at Snapshots in a New Way。Say 'Cheese'!: Looking at Snapshots in a New Way。New York, NY。  new window
24.Kozloff, M.(1994)。Lone Visions, Crowded Frames: Essays on Photography。Lone Visions, Crowded Frames: Essays on Photography。Albuquerque, NM。  new window
25.Kuhn, A.(1985)。Lawless Seeing。The Power of the Image: Essays on Representation and Sexuality。London, UK。  new window
26.Lakoff, R. T.、Scherr, R. L.(1984)。Face Value: The Politics of Beauty。Face Value: The Politics of Beauty。Boston, MA。  new window
27.Barthes, R.(1981)。Cameral Lucida: Reflections on Photograph。Cameral Lucida: Reflections on Photograph。New York, NY。  new window
28.Baudrillard, J.(1988)。Consumer Society。Selected Writings。London, UK。  new window
29.Berger, J.、Mohr, J.(1995)。Another Way of Telling。Another Way of Telling。New York, NY。  new window
30.Burgin, V.(1986)。Re-Read Camera Lucida。The End of Art Theory: Criticism and Postmodernity。London, UK。  new window
31.Dyer, R.(1991)。Don't Look New。Zoot Suits and Second-Hand Dresses: An Anthology of Fashion and Music。London, UK。  new window
32.Partington, A.(1991)。Melodrama's Gendered Audience。Off-Centre: Feminism and Cultural Studies。London, UK。  new window
33.Phelan, P.(1993)。Unmarked: Politics of Performance。Unmarked: Politics of Performance。New York, NY。  new window
34.(1988)。Female Spectators: Looking at Film and Television。Female Spectators: Looking at Film and Television。London, UK/ New York, NY。  new window
35.Sekula, A.(1982)。On the Invention of Photographic Meaning。Thinking Photography。London, UK。  new window
36.Silverman, K.(1986)。Fragments of a Fashionable Discourse。Studies in Entertainment: Critical Approaches to Mass Culture。Bloomington。  new window
37.Smelik, A.(1993)。What Meets the Eye: Feminist Film Studies。Women's Studies and Culture: A Feminist Introduction。London, UK/ New Jersey。  new window
38.Sontag, S.、Sontag, Susan(1978)。On Photography。On Photography。New York, NY。  new window
39.Spence, J.、Holland, P.(1991)。Family Snaps: The Meaning of Domestic Photography。Family Snaps: The Meaning of Domestic Photography。London, UK。  new window
40.Young, L.(1996)。Fear of The Dark: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Cinema。Fear of The Dark: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Cinema。London, UK。  new window
圖書論文
1.Mulvey, L.(1989)。Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema。Visual and Other Pleasure--Language, discourse, society。London, UK:Bloomington:Macmillan:Indiana University Press。  new window
2.Featherstone, M.(1991)。The Body in Consumer Culture。The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory。London:Sage Publications。  new window
3.Gamman, Lorraine(1988)。[The Female Gaze: Women as Viewers of Popular Culture] Introduction。The Female Gaze: Women as Viewers of Popular Culture。London, UK:The Women’s。  new window
4.Burgin, V.(1982)。Looking at Photographs。Thinking Photography。London:Macmillan。  new window
 
 
 
 
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