As the master of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern-Sung Dynasty, Chu Xi used to have academic debates with the Hu Xian School (Zhang Shi) and Lu Jiu-yuan. Their argument was about the content of the principles of Neo-Confucianism. Yet Chu Xi's debate with Chen Liang was the criticism and challenges that Neo-Confucianism encountered. As Chen Liang was born in the age when the Southern-Sung was weak and often invaded, he was committed to the criticism of the Neo-Confucian doctrine of life. From his utilitarian position, he argued with Chu Xi about the ”difference between the kingly way and hegemony,” while the ”difference between the kingly way and hegemony” is based on the ”distinction between morality and benefit.” Therefore, ”kingly way vs. hegemony” and ”morality vs. benefit” were the primary issue of Chu and Chen's debate, while the ”distinction between morality and benefit” was an important agendum to the values of Confucian philosophy. This paper is intended to explore the values of Chu Xi's philosophy through such a debate in wishes to accentuate the moral ideals and values that Chu stuck to through Chen's utilitariar challenges.