本研究主要目的為調查居民對發展生態旅遊的認知、意願與需求，並提出發展生態旅遊之策略建議。研究地點為太魯閣國家公園的大禮、大同部落及富世村，採用結構型開放式問卷訪談作為資料收集工具，調查社區民基本特性及對發展生態旅遊的認知、意願與需求，進而探討不同基本特性的居民之間對於發展生態旅遊的認知與需求是否有所不同。研究結果顯示多數居民瞭解生態旅遊的意涵與居民本身於生態旅遊中的角色，此外多數居民支持發展生態旅遊，亦有從事相關工作的意願，然而多數居民亦較缺乏生態旅遊在實行時應有所規範的觀念，且認為該區域若要發展生態旅遊，則需要先有基礎道路建設，但此會因居民特性不同而有些差異。總之成功的生態旅遊並非一蹴可及的，若要於部落地區發展生態旅遊，目前還需要區民與國家公園管理處雙方共同付出更多的努力來克服一些既存的限制與困難。因此本研究最後分別就發展營運前及發展營運期提出一些策略建議，希望能有助於部落成功地推動生態旅遊。

The purpose of this study of Indigenous Communities in Taroko National Park were to investigate the residents' cognitions, willingness, and demands of development ecotourism, and to suggest some strategies. The study areas were Tali and Tadung tribes in the Taroko National Park and Fushih village. The study used structured open-ended questionnaires to collect information about the residents' cognitions, willingness, and demands of developing ecotourism and subsequently and analyzed whether there was a difference between the residents with meanings of ecotourism and their own roles in it. Beside, developing ecotourism was supported by the residents, and most of them were willing to be engaged in related work. However, most residents were ignorant of the limits of actual development. There was also a shared knowledge that construction of roads was a necessity for development ecotourism, through the residents from various backgrounds might differ about the details. Nevertheless, to achieve successful ecotourism in one step is impossible. There were still some limits and problems to be solved by both the residents and the managers. Therefore, this study also provided some strategies and made suggestions for ecotourism operation in the preparatory stages as well as in the formal stage, in hope to help the tribes develop ecotourism successfully.