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題名：人際接觸測量的一致性與正確性：比較問卷調查與接觸日誌
書刊名：調查研究
作者：傅仰止 引用關係／林亦之
作者(外文)：Fu, Yang-chih／Lin, Yi-jr
出版日期：2005
卷期：17
頁次：頁19-63
主題關鍵詞：日常接觸；接觸日誌；個人網絡；Daily contact；Contact diary；Personal networks
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:1
  • 共同引用共同引用:16
  • 點閱點閱:20
調查問項能不能準確有效地測出受訪者的行為，常以統計方法推估作為間接佐證，更直接的評估則需藉助實際記錄。本研究以日常生活中的人際接觸為例，比較問卷調查結果與深入記錄的接觸日誌兩類資料。目的在透過日誌法來檢驗調查法的行為問項成效。研究資料取自52位報導人在2004年間依序完成的自填問卷調查（第一次調查）、三個月接觸日誌（有效樣本數為4,776天平均接觸記錄）、電話訪問調查（第二次調查）。以接觸日誌的實地記錄為依據，有半數報導人在第一次調查（填寫日誌前）時完全正確估計每天接觸人數的等第類別，在第二次調查中（在記錄了兩個月的接觸日誌後施測），完全正確者則高達四分之三。文中並比較「每天接觸對象的性別比例」和「主動接觸的比例」，發現接觸對象的性別組合比較容易判斷，而主動接觸的比例涉及主觀判定，在調查問項中的效度較差。估計及判斷的正確性隨性別而異：男性傾向高估自己的日常接觸人數，也容易高估自己主動接觸的比例；女性則偏向低估每天接觸人數，也略微低估自己主動接觸的比例。這種調查訪問作答的性別差異，反映出社會上對不同性別在社會互動或社會關係中的期待模式。研究發現以揭示等第答項來施測每天接觸人數的可行性，並依據實地記錄評估接觸問項在調查方法上的價值。
Survey research has relied on statistical tools to analyze how consistent behavioral items are. It would be more accurate, however, to examine the items with direct evidence, whenever such evidence is available. Using "daily contact" as the subject, this paper evaluates survey results against actual contact records complied from contact diaries. Data included three separate sets that 52 informants completed in 2004 in the following order: (1) a self-administered survey (the first survey), (2) diary-keeping of all interpersonal contacts for three months (n=4,776 days of data about average daily contacts), and (3) a telephone survey (the second survey, taken two months after the informants started keeping the contact diaries). The surveys contained a single-item question about the range of daily contacts (that included six ordinal response categories) and derivative questions about the composition of these contacts. Measured against their actual contact records, half of the informants made a precise estimate in the first survey about the range of their daily contacts. In the second survey, about three-fourth of the informants estimated their daily contacts correctly. The informants also assessed the gender composition among their daily contacts more precisely than they did with the proportion of the contacts that they initiated. Men and women tend to perceive daily contacts differently: men overestimate the volume of their daily contacts and the proportion of initiative contacts; on the contrary, women underestimate their daily contacts and the initiative contacts. Such subtle differences seem to reflect differential expectations of the gender role in the larger society. Using the diary records as the criterion, the study reveals evidence that justifies the use of ordinal response categories in the single-item measurement of daily contacts in large-scale surveys.
期刊論文
1.Van der Gaag, Martin、Snijders, Tom A. B.(2005)。The Resource Generator: Social Capital Quantification with Concrete Items。Social Networks，27(1)，1-29。  new window
2.Burt, Ronald S.(1984)。Network Items and the General Social Survey。Social Networks，6(4)，293-339。  new window
3.Marsden, Peter V.(1990)。Network Data and Measurement。Annual Review of Sociology，16，435-463。  new window
4.McCarty, Christopher、Killworth, Peter D.、Bernard, H. Russell、Johnsen, Eugene C.、Shelley, Gene A.(2001)。Comparing two methods for estimating network size。Human Organization，60(1)，28-39。  new window
5.Bian, Yanjie、Ang, Soon(1997)。Guanxi Networks and Job Mobility in China and Singapore。Social Forces，75(3)，981-1005。  new window
6.Russell, Bernard H.、Johnsen, Eugene C.、Killworth, Peter D.、McCarty, Christopher、Shelley, Gene Ann、Robinson, Scott(1990)。Comparing Four Different Methods for Measuring Personal Social Networks。Social Networks，12(3)，179-215。  new window
7.Burt, R. S.(1997)。A note on social capital and network content。Social Networks，19(4)，355-373。  new window
8.黃光國(1997)。Guanxi and mientze: Conflict resolution in Chinese society。Intercultural Communication Studies，7(1)，17-37。  new window
9.Hwang, Kwang-Kuo(2000)。Chinese Relationalism: Theoretical Construction and Methodological Considerations。Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour，30(2)，155-178。  new window
10.傅仰止(20050600)。社會資本的概念化與運作：論家人重疊網絡中的「時間投資」機制。臺灣社會學，9，165-203。new window  延伸查詢new window
11.傅仰止、簡文吟、伊慶春(20010400)。電訪樣本資料庫的再利用：以社會意向原住民專題調查為例。調査研究：方法與應用，9，109-118。  延伸查詢new window
12.傅仰止(2004)。Measuring personal networks with daily contacts: a single-item survey question and the contact diary。Social Networks，27(3)，169-186。  new window
13.Lin, Nan、Dumin, Mary(1986)。Access to Occupations through Social Ties。Social Networks，8(4)，365-385。  new window
14.Coleman, James S.(1988)。Social capital in the creation of human capital。American Journal of Sociology，94(suppl.)，S95-S120。  new window
15.Snijders, Tom A. B.(1999)。Prologue to the Measurement of Social Capital。Tocqueville-Review/ Revue-Tocqueville，20(1)，27-44。  new window
16.De Sola Pool, Ithiel、Kochen, Manfred(1978)。Contacts and Influence。Social Networks，1(1)，5-51。  new window
17.Hofferth, Sandra L.、Duncan, Greg J.、Boisjoly, Johanne(1999)。The Development of Social Capital。Rationality and Society，11(1)，79-110。  new window
18.Johnsen, Eugene C.、Killworth, Peter D.、McCarty, Christopher、Shelley, Gene A.、Bernard, Russell H.(1990)。Estimating the Size of Personal Networks。Social Networks，12(4)，289-312。  new window
會議論文
1.Fu, Yang-chih(2005)。Daily Contacts as a Proxy Measure of Personal Networks: Data from 46 Surveys in Nine Societies。2005 Annual Meeting of International Social Survey Programme，(會議日期: 2005/04/03-04/06)。Mexico City, Mexico。  new window
2.Van der Gaag, Martin、Snijders, Tom A. B.(2003)。Position Generator Measures and Their Relation to Other Social Capital Indicators。The XXIII International Sunbelt Social Network Conference，(會議日期: February 12-16)。Cancun, Mexico。  new window
研究報告
1.章英華、傅仰止(2003)。台灣地區社會變遷基本調查計劃：第四期第三次調查計劃執行報告 (計畫編號：NSC91-2420-H-001-004-)。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.章英華、傅仰止(2000)。台灣社會變遷基本調查計劃：第四期第一次調查計劃執行報告 (計畫編號：NSC-89-2412-H-001-014-B1)。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
3.瞿海源(1998)。台灣社會變遷基本調查計劃：第三期第三次調查計劃執行報告 (計畫編號：NSC-86-2418-H-001-001-B1)。臺北：中央研究院社會學研究所籌備處。  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Fowler, F. J.(1995)。Improving survey questions: Design and evaluation。New York：U.S. Sage Publication Inc.。  new window
2.Lonkila, Markku(1999)。Social Networks in Post-Soviet Russia: Continuity and Change in The Everyday Life of St. Petersburg Teachers。Helsinki：Aleksanteri Instituutti。  new window
3.Carmines, E. G.、Zeller, R. A.(1979)。Reliability and Validity Assessment。Sage Publications。  new window
4.林南(2001)。Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action。Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Coleman, James Samuel(1990)。Foundations of social Theory。Belknap Press of Harvard University Press。  new window
其他
1.伊慶春(1993)。台灣地區社會意向調查九十二年二月調查報吿，台北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
2.伊慶春，傅仰止(2000)。社會意向電話調查報吿(八十八年、八十九年)，台北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
3.傅仰止，伊慶春(2001)。社會意向電話調查報吿(九十年)，台北：中央研究院社會學研究所。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Fu, Yang-chih。Contact Diaries: Building the Ultimate Archives of Active Personal Networks。Special Issue on How to Collect Social Network Data。Field Methods。  new window
2.Schwarz, Norbert(2003)。Culture-Sensitive Context Effects: A Challenge for Cross-Cultural Surveys。Cross-Cultural Survey Methods。New York：Wiley-Interscience。  new window
3.Burt, Ronald S.(2001)。Structural Holes Versus Network Closure as Social Capital。Social Capital: Theory and Research。Aldine De Gruyter。  new window
4.Lin, Nan(2001)。Building a Network Theory of Social Capital。Social Capital: Theory and Research。New York, NY：Aldine de Gruyter。  new window
5.林南、傅仰止、熊瑞梅(2001)。The Position Generator: Measurement Techniques for Investigations of Social Capital。Social Capital: Theory and Research。New York：Aldine de Gruyter。  new window
6.Thompson, Claire R.、Freeman, Linton C.(1989)。Estimating Acquaintanceship Volume。The Small World。Ablex Publishing Corp.。  new window
7.Fei, Xiaotong(1992)。From the Soil, the Foundations of Chinese Society。A Translation of Fei Xiaotong’s Xiangtu Zhongguo。Berkeley：University of California Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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