This study combines archaeological information with early books on etiquette to explore the structures of ancestral temples from the Western Zhou 西周 to the Spring and Autumn period, and to reconstruct “the pictures of the suzerains 諸侯 and the aristocrats (大夫, senior officials in feudal China) in ancestral temples” and “the pictures of dukes in ancestral temples.” Therefore, scholars of the I-li 儀禮 can refer to the reconstructions of the pictures, which correspond to the actualities of the times. This article discusses the important parts in books about ancestral temples that focus on Chinese etiquette and it classifies the different perspectives so as to explore their origins. On the excavations, this artic1e refers to ancient Chinese 先秦 remains according to the Western Zhou building foundations F1 and F8 at Yuntang 雲塘, building foundations F4 and F9 at Qizhen 齊鎮 in Shanxig 陜西, excavated from 1999-2000, and building foundation F1 at Majiazhuang 馬家莊 in Fengxiang 鳳翔 in Shanxi, excavated from 1981-1984. The social status of the owners of these building foundations was that of an aristocrat. Therefore, the reconstructions of “the pictures of the suzerains and the aristocrats in ancestral tombs” in this paper apply only to people with such high status. Similarly, “the pictures of dukes in ancestral temples” only describe the dukes─ the highest class among the suzerains.