In studying the Confucian idea of loyalty to the ruler in the Wei-Jin period, some scholars often overlook the changing strength of Con-fucianism over time. Some researchers even argue that, from the Three-Kingdoms period through the founding of the Tang Dynasty, filial piety always took precedence over the notion of loyalty to the ruler. This article traces the vicissitudes of the Confucian concept of loyalty in early medieval China along two lines: the interaction between the ideas for and against restoring universal kingship, and the interaction between the efforts of protecting and weakening the interests of the scholar-official families. This research has discovered that, from late Eastern Han through the end of Western Jin, the idea of universal kingship was indeed declining and in many cases filial piety overshadowed the idea of loyalty to the sovereign. However, after the founding of Eastern Jin, the Confucian idea of loyalty was continually advocated by some scholar officials in spite of concurrent efforts to restrict imperial power.