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題名：華人青少年前期兒童之間接攻擊行為的反應評鑑與情緒經驗
書刊名：中華心理學刊
作者：王明傳／雷庚玲 引用關係
作者(外文)：Wang, Ming-chuan／Lay, Keng-ling
出版日期：2008
卷期：50:1
頁次：頁71-90
主題關鍵詞：間接攻擊；關係攻擊；同儕地位；同儕關係；社會訊息處理；Indirect aggression；Relational aggression；Peer status；Peer relationship；Social information-processing
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(3) 博士論文(1) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
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  • 共同引用共同引用:42
  • 點閱點閱:95
本研究旨在發展一套有別於問卷形式的間接攻擊結構性訪談測量程序。依據社會訊息處理模式，本研究預期此訪談工具可區別青少年前期不同同儕地位的兒童對於間接攻擊行為的反應評鑑。依據效益風險率假設，本研究預期男女生在遭過間接攻擊後的情緒反應具顯著差異，也預期間接攻擊行為的反應評鑑具性別與同儕地位之交互作用效果。研究一共有56位國小高年級兒童參加個別訪談，結果顯示間接攻擊行為反應評鑑的同儕地位效果量為中等，且遭過間接攻擊行為受害的情緒經驗具有性別差異。研究二共有60位不同社會計量地位之國二生參加個別訪談，結果顯示性別與間接攻擊行為的反應評鑑之間的關係會受社會計量地位所調節，且遭過間接攻擊的情緒經驗具有性別差異。研究三共有72位高、低間接攻擊傾向之小六兒童參加個別訪談，結果顯示間接攻擊行為反應評鑑的性別和間接攻擊傾向之交互作用效果不顯著，且遭過間接攻擊行為的情緒經驗具有性別差異。這三個研究都發現不同性別的兒童雖然在遭過間接攻擊時的憤怒情緒沒有差異，但對於間接攻擊之困擾和難過情緒卻顯著不同。本研究另顯示性別與間接攻擊行為的反應評鑑之間的關係會受社會計量地位指標影響，卻與間接攻擊傾向程度的同儕地位指標沒有顯著關係。
Although the understanding of indirect aggression has been significantly advanced in recent years, past research still suffers from a few limitations. Firstly, data should be collected through methods other than questionnaires that dominate the recent findings. Secondly, research has yet to further clarify the processes that lead to the emotions and the response evaluation while being victimized by indirect aggression in peer context. Thirdly, most prior studies focused on children in middle childhood, leaving the effect of indirect aggression on children during early adolescence less explored. Finally, the vast majority of research has been conducted in Western cultural contexts, which may conceive the meaning of indirect aggression differently from culturally Chinese societies. Therefore, the specific goal of this research was to examine the response evaluation and the emotional reactions to victimization of indirect aggression among culturally Chinese children at the stage of early adolescence by means of a newly developed structured interview with card-sorting procedures. The interaction effect between gender and peer status on the response evaluation was also of interest according to the effect-to-danger ratio hypothesis. Fifty-six children nominated by their head teachers as popular or rejected (mean age=11.60 years) participated in Study 1. During the interview, a vignette depicting indirect aggression was visually and auditorily presented, and then a series of questions concerning personal experiences, including emotional reactions, were presented. Subjects' evaluation on the effectiveness of various kinds of indirect aggression strategies was then probed through a deck of 15 cards each stating a strategy of indirect aggression. Results showed that the gender by peer status interaction on response evaluation was not significant. However, rejected children enumerated marginally more indirect aggression strategies as effective than their popular counterparts. Study 1 also confirmed the effect-to-danger ratio hypothesis and showed that girls felt more troubled and sad than did boys in response to indirect aggression, while degree of anger revealed no gender differences. Sixty children nominated by same-gender same-class peers as popular or rejected (mean age 13.98 years) participated in Study 2, where the interview procedure was similar to Study 1 except for minor modifications. The number of indirect aggression strategies that popular and rejected subjects enumerated as effective was not different. Next, to take the statistical power issue into account, data from Study 1 and Study 2 were pooled. Results indicated that rejected subjects enumerated more indirect aggression strategies as effectively than their popular counterparts. Further, Study 2 found a significant interaction effect of peer status and gender on response evaluation. Compared with popular boys, rejected boys were more likely to adopt indirect aggression strategies to cope with indirect aggression. By contrast, rejected girls did not favor indirect aggression strategies more than popular girls. As for emotional reactions to victimization by indirect aggression, Study 2 replicated the findings in Study 1 that confirmed the effect-to-danger ratio hypothesis. Study 3 attempted to further validate the structured interview by comparing the responses between children designated through peer estimation technique as either highly or less indirect-aggressive and 72 children (mean age=12.08 years) were recruited. Results indicated those who were highly indirect-aggressive did not enumerate more indirect aggression strategies as effectively than did the less aggressive counterparts. Further, the interaction effect of peer- estimated indirect aggression tendency and gender was not significant. It is suspected that the highly indirect-aggressive children might be heifer or at least not worse at social intelligence, which had buffered them from displaying biases or deficiencies in social information processing. Study 3, again, replicated the findings in Study 1 and Study 2 that girls were more troubled and sad than boys but felt similar degree of anger compared to boys while being victimized by indirect aggression. Findings from the above studies were discussed based on both the social information-processing model and the effect-to-danger ratio hypothesis. The incompatible results among the three studies were discussed according to a developmental perspective.
期刊論文
1.Newcomb, Andrew F.、Bukowski, William M.、Pattee, Linda(1993)。Children's Peer Relations: A Meta-analytic Review of Popular, Rejected, Neglected, Controversial, and Average Sociometric Status。Psychological Bulletin，113(1)，99-128。  new window
2.Grotpeter, J. K.、Crick, N. R.(1996)。Relational aggression, overt aggression, and friendship。Child Development，67，2328-2338。  new window
3.Underwood, M. K.、Galen, B. R.、Paquette, J. A.(2001)。Top Ten Challenges for Understanding Gender and Aggression in Children: Why Can't We all Just Get Along?。Social Development，10，248-266。  new window
4.Archer, J.(2004)。Sex Differences in Aggression in Real-world Settings: A Meta-analytic Review。Review of General Psychology，8，291-322。  new window
5.Crick, N. R.(1995)。Relational Aggression: The Role of Intent Attributions, Feelings of Distress, and Provocation Type。Development and Psychopathology，7(2)，313-322。  new window
6.Björkqvist, K.、Kaukiainen, A.、Lagerspetz, K. M. J.(1992)。Do Girls Manipulate and Boys Fight? Developmental Trends in Regard to Direct and Indirect Aggression。Aggressive Behavior，18(2)，117-127。  new window
7.Galen, B.、Underwood, M.(1997)。A developmental investigation of social aggression among children。Development Psychology，33(4)，589-600。  new window
8.Archer, J.、Coyne, S. M.(2005)。An integrated review of indirect, relational, and social aggression。Personality and Social Psychology Review，9(3)，212-230。  new window
9.Crick, N. R.、Grotpeter, J. K.(1995)。Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment。Child Development，66(3)，710-722。  new window
10.Crick, N. R.、Zahn-Waxler, C.(2003)。The development of psychopathology in females and males: Current progress and future challenges。Development and Psychopathology，15(3)，719-742。  new window
11.Crick, N. R.、Dodge, K. A.(1994)。A review and reformulation of social information-processing mechanisms in children’s social adjustment。Psychological Bulletin，115(1)，74-101。  new window
12.洪儷瑜、涂春仁(19960100)。Coie & Dodge社會計量地位分類公式之修正。測驗年刊，43，103-114。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.陳心怡、陳榮華、朱建軍(20010100)。臺灣魏氏兒童智力量表「一般能力指數」之常模建立與運用。測驗年刊，48(1)，89-104。new window  延伸查詢new window
14.Crick, N. R.(1996)。The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children's future social adjustment。Child Development，67，2317-2327。  new window
15.Crick, N. R.、Werner, N. E.(1998)。Response decision processes in relational and overt aggression。Child Development，69(6)，1630-1639。  new window
16.Dodge, K. A.、Lansford, J. E.、Burks, V. S.、Bates, J. E.、Pettit, G. S.、Fontaine, R.、Price, J. M.(2003)。Peer rejection and social information-processing factors in the development of aggressive behavior problems in children。Child Development，74(2)，374-393。  new window
17.Koops, W.、De Castro, B. O.、Veerman, J. W.、Monshouwer, H. J.、Bosch, J. D.(2002)。Hostile Attribution of Intent and Aggressive Behavior: A Meta-analysis。Child Development，73(3)，916-934。  new window
18.Hwang, Kwang-Kuo(2000)。Chinese Relationalism: Theoretical Construction and Methodological Considerations。Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour，30(2)，155-178。  new window
19.McEvoy, M. A.、Estrem, T. L.、Rodriguez, M. C.、Olson, M. L.(2003)。Assessing Relational and Physical Aggression among Preschool Children: Intermethod Agreement。Topics in Early Childhood Special Education，23，53-63。  new window
20.Björkqvist, K.(2001)。Different Names, Same Issue。Social Development，10，273-274。  new window
21.Prescott, K.(1996)。Gender Differences and Developmental Trends in Aggressive Bahaviour: An Edited Interview with Kaj Björkqvist。Australian Journal of Guidance & Counseling，6，89-93。  new window
22.Coie, J. D.、Dodge, K. A.(1988)。Multiple Sources of Data on Social Behavior and Social Status in the School: A Cross-age Comparison。Child Development，59，815-829。  new window
23.Rys, G.、Bear, G.(1997)。Relational Aggression and Peer Relationships: Gender and Development Issues。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，43，87-106。  new window
24.Tomada, G.、Scheider, B. H.(1997)。Relational Aggression, Gender, and Peer Acceptance: Invariance across Culture, Stability Over Time, and Concordance among Informants。Developmental Psychology，33，601-609。  new window
25.Richardson, D. R.、Green, L. R.(1999)。Social Sanction and Threat Explanations of Gender Effects on Direct and Indirect Aggression。Aggressive Behavior，25，425-434。  new window
26.Toldos, M. P.(2005)。Sex and Age Differences in Self-estimated Physical, Verbal and Indirect Aggression in Spanish Adolescents。Aggressive Behavior，31，13-23。  new window
27.Björkqvist, K.(1994)。Sex Differences in Physical, Verbal, and Indirect Aggression: A Review of Recent Research。Sex Roles，30，177-188。  new window
28.Lagerspetz, K. M. J.、Forsblom, S.、Kaukiainen, A.、Björkqvist, K.、Lagerspetz, K. M.、Österman, K.、Salmivalli, C.、Rothberg, S.(1999)。The Relationships between Social Intelligence, Empathy, and Three Types of Aggression。Aggressive Behavior，25，81-89。  new window
29.French, D. C.、Jansen, E. A.、Pidada, S.(2002)。United States and Indonesian Children's and Adolescents' Reports of Relational Aggression by Disliked Peers。Child Development，4，1143-1150。  new window
30.Macdonald, G.、Leary, M.(2005)。Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? the Relationship between Social and Physical Pain。Psychological Bulletin，131，202-223。  new window
31.Paquette, J. A.、Underwood, M. K.(1999)。Young Adolescents' Experiences of Peer Victimization: Gender Differences in Accounts of Social and Physical Aggression。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，45，233-258。  new window
32.Björkqvist, K.、Österman, K.、Kaukiainen, A.(2000)。Social Intelligence - Empathy = Aggression?。Aggression and Violent Behavior，5，191-200。  new window
33.Swettenham, J.、Smith, P. K.、Sutton, J.(1999)。Bullying and 'Theory of Mind': A Critique of the 'Social Skills Deficit' View of Anti-social Behaviour。Social Development，8，117-127。  new window
34.Björkqvist, K.、Peltonen, T.、Lagerspetz, K. M. J.(1988)。Is Indirect Aggression Typical of Females? Gender Differences in Aggressiveness in 11- to 12-year Old Children。Aggressive Behavior，14，403-414。  new window
35.Burks, V. S.、Fontaine, R. G.、Dodge, K.(2002)。Response Decision Processes and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescents。Development and Psychopathology，14，107-122。  new window
36.Campbell, A.(1995)。A Few Good Men: Evolutionary Psychology and Female Adolescent Aggression。Ethology and Sociobiology，16，99-123。  new window
37.Sutton, J.、Swettenham, J.、Smith, P. K.(1999)。Social Cognition and Bullying: Social Inadequacy or Skilled Manipulation?。British Journal of Developmental Psychology，17，435-450。  new window
38.Campbell, A.(1999)。Staying Alive: Evolution, Culture, and Women's Intrasexual Aggression。Behavioral and Brain Sciences，22，203-252。  new window
39.Crick, N. R.(2006)。How Recent Developments in the Study of Relational Aggression and Close Relationships in Early Childhood Advance the Field。Applied Developmental Psychology，27，189-192。  new window
40.Hudley, C.、Graham, S.(1994)。Attributions of Aggressive and Nonaggressive African-American Male Early Adolescents: A Study of Construct Accessibility。Development Psychology，30，365-373。  new window
41.Hughes, J. N.、Henington, C.、Thompson, B.、Cavell, T. A.(1998)。The Role of Relational Aggression in Identifying Aggressive Boys and Girls。Journal of School Psychology，36，457-477。  new window
42.Crain, M. M.、Foster, S. L.、Finch, C. L.(2005)。The Relevance of the Social Information Processing Model for Understanding Relational Aggression in Girls。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，51，213-249。  new window
43.Crick, N. R.、Grotpeter, J. K.、Bigbee, M. A.(2002)。Relationally and Physically Aggressive Children's Intent Attributions and Feelings of Distress for Relational and Instrumental Peer Conflicts。Child Development，73，1134-1142。  new window
44.Long, J. D.、Pellegrini, A. D.(2003)。A Sexual Selection Theory Longitudinal Analysis of Sexual Segregation and Integration in Early Adolescence。Journal of Experimental Child Psychology，85，257-278。  new window
45.Werner, N. E.、Crick, N. R.(1999)。Relational Aggression and Social-psychological Adjustment in a College Sample。Journal of Abnormal Psychology，108(4)，615-623。  new window
會議論文
1.Werner, N. E.、O'Brien, K. M.、Crick, N. R.、Nelson, D. A.、Grotpeter, J. K.、Casas, J. F.(1999)。Childhood Aggression and Gender: A New Look at an Old Problem。Lincoln, NE。75-141。  new window
圖書
1.Underwood, M. K.(2003)。Social Aggression among Girls。New York：Guildford Press。  new window
2.陳榮華(1997)。魏氏兒童智力量表指導手冊。臺北：中國行為科學社。  延伸查詢new window
3.Björkqvist, K.、Niemelä, P.(1992)。New Trends in the Study of Female Aggression。Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression。San Diego, CA。  new window
4.Björkqvist, K.、Österman, K.、Kaukiainen, A.(1992)。The Development of Direct and Indirect Strategies in Males and Females。Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression。San Diego, CA。  new window
5.Lagerspetz, K. M. J.、Björkqvist, K.(1994)。Indirect Aggression in Boys and Girls。Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives。New York, NY。  new window
6.Dodge, K. A.、Coie, J. D.、Lynam, D.(2006)。Aggression and Antisocial Behavior in Youth。Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 3. Social, Emotional, and Personality Development。New York, NY。  new window
7.Rosnow, R. L.、Rosenthal, R.(1991)。Essentials of Behavior Research: Methods and Data Analysis。Essentials of Behavior Research: Methods and Data Analysis。New York, NY。  new window
8.Lagerspetz, K. M. J.、Österman, K.、Björkqvist, K.(1992)。Direct and Indirect Aggression Scales。Direct and Indirect Aggression Scales。Finland。  new window
9.Vaillancourt, T.(2005)。Indirect Aggression among Humans: Social Construct or Evolutionary Adaptation?。Developmental Origins of Aggression。New York, NY。  new window
10.Dodge, K. A.、Schwartz, D.(1997)。Social Information Processing Mechanisms in Aggressive Behavior。Handbook of Antisocial Behavior。New York, NY。  new window
11.Björkqvist, K.、Österman, K.、Lagerspetz, K. M. J.(2001)。Physical, Verbal, and Indirect Aggression among Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh Adolescents in India。Prevention and Control of Aggression and the Impact on Its Victims。New York, NY。  new window
圖書論文
1.黃曬莉(2005)。人際和諧與人際衝突。華人本土心理學。臺北市：遠流。new window  延伸查詢new window
 
 
 
 
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