本文是針對行政院原住民族委員會委託辦理的96與97年度「原住民族地區家庭暨婦女服務中心社會工作專業諮詢輔導暨社會工作人員在職訓練計畫」時觀察到的議題進行反思，提出現時台灣原住民社會工作面對的兩個挑戰。一是族群身分配對所引起的專業關係建構的兩難，以及造成可能落入消除原住民族刻板印象與歧視的迷思。另一是充權的挑戰，此挑戰源自於充權概念本身的矛盾、與社會工作哲學理念和手段不相容的原鄉文化、組織文化與體制對原住民服務提供者的奪權與壓迫，使鄉村地區的原住民社會工作出現了弱勢服務弱勢的境況。最後，本文針對原住民社工員個人、機構、社會工作教育與訓練、原住民社會工作研究，以及政策提出建議。

This paper is a reflection of the 2007 and 2008 'Social Work Profession Guidance and Social Workers' Training Program for the Indigenous Family and Women Service Center' appointed by the Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuen. The author pointed out two challenges confronted by indigenous social workers. One is the horn of dilemma in matching ethnic identities of service providers and service users. It was argued that such a matching affects social workers' role and professional relationship detriment to service quality, and creates a myth that indigenous social workers are able to eliminate stereotype and discrimination against indigenous peoples. The other is the difficulties of empowerment raised by empowerment concept itself, incompatible philosophical assumptions between social work and indigenous culture, and disempowerment and oppression due to organizational culture and the system, which create the phenomenon of disadvantaged serving disadvantaged. Finally, this paper was ended by making suggestions on five aspects: indigenous social workers, organization, social work education and training, indigenous social work research and indigenous policy.