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題名：融合內外在因素以理解視覺意象的觀賞活動
書刊名：國立彰化師範大學文學院學報
作者：鄭明憲 引用關係
作者(外文)：Cheng, Ming-hsien
出版日期：2013
卷期：7
頁次：頁183-204
主題關鍵詞：審美與理解；融合；互動的閱讀；類型與非類型的閱讀；Aesthetic understanding；Fuse；Interactive reading；Generic and non-paradigm reading
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在獲取視覺文本意涵的觀看過程上有許多不同的主張。這些主張都各有其獨特看法與思考重點。這些主張的論點可以分成兩類。一類是意義在不同的角色上，這類主張大抵從文本就是閱讀的對象、文本的創制者原始意念、以及觀賞者等三項來探討意義的建構。另有一類是以觀賞活動的背景或脈絡來陳述，也就是從這三者共有或是獨顯的時代歷史、空間背景來討論。本文試圖在此類鉅觀觀點外，以比較微觀的角度討論觀賞圖像當下的真實情境與美感經驗。本文先分析讀者反應理論各學者論點的差異，再以觀賞者的特性來解構讀者為尊的主張。之後以觀賞過程的活動來建立融合的觀賞架構。探究結果發現每次的觀賞都是不同的審美活動及經驗，但無論是可歸類或是不可歸類出類型的觀賞，都以融合觀賞者、視覺意象的表現特徵、以及時空背景和觀賞當下的生活與心境等謂之「它者」的諸多元素，進行相互影響的觀賞及感受審美的經驗。本文提出探討觀賞活動的三個基本層面：因素面、角色面與狀態面。本研究的結論認為：任何的觀賞都必經歷類型與非類型的觀看活動。在觀看的過程中唯有融合背景因素、觀者心靜與動機的融合，才能理解作品以獲得意義。
Assumptions of making meaning from a visual text has been varied, with each of it laying emphasis on different thoughts. These assumptions can be divided into two main categories. First, meaning is constructed through viewing text itself, viewing author's intention, and viewing the reader, the so-called roles. Second, meaning is described through the historical background of the viewing activities, i.e., we discuss the temporal and spatial elements of the text, author, and reader. In addition to the above macro-perspectives, this paper also attempts to discuss, from micro-perspectives, what really happens and what aesthetic feeling has been experienced during the viewing process. This paper first analyzes the differences of various reader’s-response theories, then deconstructs reader as the primary character of readership through the characteristics of viewing, and finally seeks to establish a more harmonious viewing structure through the activities of viewing process. After the exploration, I discover that viewing of every time produces different aesthetic activity and experience, but whatever category there is, viewing seeks to interweave the viewer, qualities of the visual images, the emporal-spatial background, life and mindset-called ”the other”-during viewing. This paper broaches three basic aspects of discussing viewing activities: Elements, roles, and modes. The conclusion of this study is that all viewing must experience viewing activities which can or cannot be categorized. In the viewing process, only through interweaving background elements, viewing mindset and motives can one begin to understand art works and make meaning from them.
期刊論文
1.Connell, J. M.(2000)。Aesthetic experiences in the school curriculum: Assessing the value of Rosenblatt's transactional theory。The Journal of Aesthetic Education，34(1)，27-36。  new window
2.Connell, J. M.(2001)。Restoring aesthetic experiences in the school curriculum: The legacy of Rosenblatt's transactional theory from Literature as Exploration。Educational Foundations，15(1)，39-57。  new window
3.Dorfman, M. H.(1996)。Evaluating the Interpretive Community: Evidence from Expert and Novice Readers。Poetics: Journal of Empirical Research on Culture, the Media and the Arts，23(6)，453-470。  new window
4.Erik van S.、Oostdam, R.、Glopper, K. de.(2001)。Dimensions and Predictors of Literary Response。Journal of Literacy Research，33(1)，1-32。  new window
5.Haas, C.、Flower, L.(1988)。Rhetorical Reading Strategies and the Construction of Meaning。College Composition and Communication，39(2)，167-183。  new window
6.Hubard, O. M.(2008)。The act of looking: Wofgang Iser's literary theory and meaning making in the visual arts。Journal of Art & Design Education，27(2)，167-180。  new window
7.Jones, P.(1969)。Understandinga work of art。The British Journal of Aesthetics，9(2)，128-144。  new window
8.Krausz, M.(1990)。Interpretation and its art object: Two views。The Monist，73(2)，222-232。  new window
9.John O'Flahavan、Judy Wallis(2005)。Rosenblatt in the classroom: Her texts, our reading, our classroom。Voice From the Middle，12(3)，32-33。  new window
10.Lamarque, P.(2007)。Aesthetics and Literature: A Problematic Relation?。Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition，135(1)，27-40。  new window
11.Parsons, M. J.(1987)。Talk about A Painting: A Cognitive Development Analysis。Journal of Aesthetic Education，21(1)，37-55。  new window
12.Rosenblatt, L. M.(1993)。The transactional theory: Against dualisms。College English，55(4)，377。  new window
13.Rosenblatt, L. M.(2005)。From "Viewpoints: Transaction versus Interaction"。Voice From the Middle，12(3)，56-58。  new window
14.Rosenblatt, L. M.(2005)。From "What Facts Does This Poem Teach You?"。Voice From the Middle，12(3)，43-46。  new window
15.Stecker, R.(1994)。Art interpretation。The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism，52(2)，193-206。  new window
16.Foley, M. M.(2000)。The (un)making of a reader。Language Arts，77(6)，506-511。  new window
17.Leder, H.、Belke, B.、Oeberst, A.、Augustin, D.(2004)。A model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgments。British Journal of Psychology，95(4)，489-508。  new window
18.Scott, L. M.(1994)。The bridge from text to mind: Adapting reader-response theory to consumer research。The Journal of Consumer Research，21(3)，461-480。  new window
會議論文
1.鄭明憲(2005)。認知心理學的發展對藝術教育及其研究的影響。藝術教育研究的回顧與展望學術研討會。屏東師範學院。  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭明憲(2009)。孩童理解圖式意象的轉向。2009「孩童心靈的閱讀」國際研討會。台北市。  延伸查詢new window
3.Cheng, M. H.(2009)。Mapping the approaches of understanding visual images。The 7th Hawaii International Conference on Education。Honolulu。  new window
圖書
1.鄭明憲(2006)。美感反應與詮釋意義：文化經驗在視覺意象反應上的論述作用。台北市：國科會。  延伸查詢new window
2.龍協濤(2010)。讀者反應理論。台北：揚智文化事業。  延伸查詢new window
3.Bressler, C. E.(2003)。Literary criticism : An introduction to theory and practice。New York：Prentice Hall。  new window
4.Crosman, R.(1980)。Do reader make meaning?。The reader in the text : Essays on audience and interpretation。Princeton, N.J：Princeton University Press。  new window
5.Culler, J.(1980)。Literary competence。Reader-reponse criticism: From formalism to post-structuralism。Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
6.De Man, P.(2000)。Reading Proust。The narrative reader。London：Routledge。  new window
7.De Man, P.、Warminski, Andrzej(1996)。Aesthetic ideology。Minneapolis：University of Minnesota Press。  new window
8.Eagleton, T.(1997)。The function of criticism : from the Spectator to post-structuralism。London：Verso。  new window
9.Freund, E.(2003)。The return of the reader : Reader-response criticism。London, New York：Methuen。  new window
10.Iser, W.(1990)。The Aesthetic and the Imaginary。The states of 'theory': History, art, and critical discourse。Standford, California：Stanford University Press。  new window
11.Iser, W.(1994)。The act of reading: A theory of aesthetic response。Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
12.Leder, H.、Belke, B.(2007)。Art and cognition: Cognitive processes in art appreciation。Evolutionary and neurocognitive approaches to aesthetics, creativity and the arts。Amityville, New york：baywood Publishing Company, INC。  new window
13.McQuillan, Martin(2000)。The narrative reader。New York。  new window
14.Mueller-Vollmer, K.(2002)。The hermeneutics reader: Texts of the German tradition from the Enlightenment to the present。New York：Continuum。  new window
15.Panofsky, E.、Lavin, I.(1995)。Meaning in the visual arts: views from the outside: a centennial commemoration of Erwin Panofsky(1892-1968)。Princeton：Institute for Advanced study。  new window
16.Quinn, E.(2006)。A dictionary of literary and thematic terms。New York：Facts On File。  new window
17.Rosenblatt, L. M.(2004)。The Transactional Theory of Reading and Writing。Theoretical models and processess of reading。International Reading Association。  new window
18.Rosenblatt, L. M.、Farrell, E. J.、Squire, J. R.、National Council of Teachers of English. Convention.(1990)。Transactions with literature: A fifty-year perspective: For Louise M. Rosenblatt。Urbana, Ill：National Council of Teachers of English。  new window
19.Rosenblatt, L. M.、University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign、Center for the Study of Reading、United States. Dept. of Education.(1988)。Writing and reading: The transactional theory。Champaign, Ill：University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign。  new window
20.Voloshinov, Valentin Nikólaievich、Matejka, Ladislav、Titunik, I. R.(1973)。Marxism and the philosophy of language。New York：Seminar Press。  new window
21.Iser, W.(2000)。The reading process: A phenomenological approach。Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader。Harlow, U.K. ; New York：Longman。  new window
22.Selden, R.、Widdowson, P.、Brooker, P.(1997)。A reader's guide to contemporary literary theory。London, UK：New York, NY：Prentice Hall：Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
23.De Man, Paul(1979)。Allegories of Reading: Figural Language in Rousseau, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Proust。Yale University Press。  new window
24.Feldman, E. B.(1992)。The Varieties of Visual Experience。New York：Harry N. Abrams。  new window
25.Eagleton, Terry(1996)。Literary Theory: An Introduction。Basil Blackwell。  new window
26.Selden, Raman、Widdowson, Peter(1993)。A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory。Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
27.Fish, Stanley Eugene(1980)。Is There a Text in This Class? The Authority of Interpretive Communities。Harvard University Press。  new window
28.Rosenblatt, L. M.(1995)。Literature as exploration。New York：The Modern Language Association of America. Original edition。  new window
29.Culler, Jonathan D.(1997)。Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction。Oxford University Press。  new window
30.Patton, M. Q.、吳芝儀、李奉儒(1995)。Qualitative research and evaluation methods。台北：桂冠。  延伸查詢new window
31.Rosenblatt, Louise M.(1994)。The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work。Southern Illinois University Press。  new window
32.Miles, Matthew B.、Huberman, A. Michael、Newman, G.(1994)。Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook。Sage Publications。  new window
33.Culler, Jonathan(1982)。On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism。Ithaca, NY：Cornell University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.De Man, Paul(1986)。The Rhetoric of temporality。Criticial Theory since 1965。Tallahassee：Florida State University Press。  new window
2.Fish, S.(1994)。Literature in the Reader: Affective Stylistics。Reader-response criticism: From formalism to post-structuralism。Baltimore：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
3.Fish, S.(1986)。Is there a text in this Class?。Critical theory since 1965。Tallahassee：Florida State University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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