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題名：把「政黨」找回來：臺灣選舉研究的失衡與未來發展
書刊名：臺灣政治學刊
作者：劉從葦 引用關係
作者(外文)：Liu, Tsung-wei
出版日期：2013
卷期：17:2
頁次：頁115-163
主題關鍵詞：政黨；小樣本研究；集合理論；比較政黨計畫；Political parties；Small-n；Set theory；ICPP
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:4
  • 點閱點閱:19
本文以內容分析法檢視台灣六份主要政治學期刊中關於選舉的文章，發現多數文章都以「選民」為研究對象、研究方法上以「大樣本的抽樣調查」為主流、並一面倒地使用「統計分析」。對於這樣的集體現象，本文從研究對象、研究方法與分析方法三個面向來探討如何讓選舉研究有更多的選擇並且多元發展。首先，政黨不應該在選舉研究中被忽視，因為選舉是政黨爭取選民支持的過程，忽視政黨就無法勾勒完整的選舉過程。第二，抽樣調查不是研究方法的唯一選擇，尤其是關於研究政黨時經常會遇到因為樣本數少而導致抽樣與資料變異程度不足的困難，其實可以採用由偏重個案取向的小樣本研究社群所提出的方法論來解決。第三，統計分析並不是分析經驗資料的唯一方法，當資料的樣本數少且低度變異時，統計分析往往派不上用場，集合理論反而是比較有效的分析工具。最後，要讓政黨成為研究焦點，除了引入更多研究方法與分析方法外，短期內最重要也最有效的方法就是建置政黨資料庫供學者使用，因此介紹目前規模最大的國際比較政黨計畫（ International Comparative Political Parties Project, ICPP）以及以其為範本的台灣政黨體系的持續與變遷整合型計畫。
This paper examines articles on elections published in six Taiwanese journals on political science by using content analysis. The results show that what these articles have in common is that they focus on ‘voters’, using ‘survey data’, and they analyze data using ‘statistical methods’. This research therefore argues, firstly, that political parties should not be ignored in electoral studies, because elections are the process by which political parties try to attract voters. The picture of electoral competition will not be complete without political parties. Secondly, a survey is one, and not the only, method of collecting data. Collecting large-n samples is usually not possible when studying political parties, and so the case-oriented method of small-n may be more appropriate. Thirdly, statistical methods are not the only way to analyze data. When encountering data for small-n samples with a low degree of variance, set theory is better than statistics. Finally, in order to pursue methodological plurality, the most important and efficient strategy in the short term is to establish a data base on political parties. In closing, this paper discusses the International Comparative Political Parties (ICPP) and the integrated project on Change and Continuity in Taiwan’s Political Parties (CCTPP).
期刊論文
1.Huber, J.、Inglehart, R.(1995)。Expert Interpretations of Party Space and Party Locations in 42 Societies。Party Politics，1(1)，73-111。  new window
2.Budge, Ian(2000)。Expert Judgements of Party Policy Positions: Uses and Limitations in Political Research。European Journal of Political Research，37(1)，103-113。  new window
3.Hooghe, Liesbet,、Ryan Bakker,、Anna Brigevich,、Catherine de Vries,、Erica Edwards,、Gary Marks,、Jan Rovny,、Marco Steenbergen.(2010)。Reliability and Validity of Measuring Party Positions: The Chapel Hill Expert Surveys of 2002 and 2006。European Journal of Political Research，49(4)，684-703。  new window
4.McDonald, Michael D.,、Silvia M. Mendes,、Ian Budge.(2004)。What Are Elections For? Conferring the Median Mandate。British Journal of Political Science，34，1-26。  new window
5.Steenbergen, Marco,、Gary Marks.(2007)。Evaluating Expert Surveys。European Journal of Political Research，46(3)，347-66。  new window
6.Budge, Ian、Hofferbert, Richard I.(1990)。Mandates and Policy Outputs: U.S. Party Platforms and Federal Expenditures。American Political Science Review，84，111-131。  new window
7.Castles, F. G.、Mair, P.(1984)。Left-Right Political Scales: Some 'Expert' Judgements。European Journal of Political Research，12(1)，73-88。  new window
8.Laver, Michael、Benoit, Kenneth、Garry, John(2003)。Extracting Policy Positions from Political Texts Using Words as Data。American Political Science Review，97(2)，311-331。  new window
9.陳義彥(20030500)。臺灣選舉行為調查研究的回顧與展望--「TEDS2001」學術研討會圓桌論壇講詞。選舉研究，10(1)，1-6。new window  延伸查詢new window
10.Laakso, Markku、Taagepera, Rein(1979)。The "Effective" Number of Parties: A Measure with Application to West Europe。Comparative Political Studies，12(1)，3-27。  new window
圖書
1.Laver, Michael、Hunt, Bent W.(1992)。Policy and Party Competition。Routledge。  new window
2.Adams, James,、Samuel Merrell III,、Bernard Grofman.(2005)。A Unified Theory of Party Competition。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Caul, Miki L.,、Mark M. Gray.(2000)。From Platform Declarations to Policy Outcomes: Changing Party Profiles and Partisan Influence over Policy。Parties without Partisans。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。  new window
4.Goertz, Gary,、Harvey Starr(2003)。Necessary Conditions。Oxford, UK：Rowman & Littlefield Publishers。  new window
5.Hibbs, Douglas.(1987)。The Political Economy of Industrialized Democracies。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
6.Klingemann, Hans-Dieter,、Andrea Volkens,、Judith Bara, Ian Budge,、Michael McDonald.(2006)。Mapping Policy Preferences II.。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。  new window
7.McCallum, R. B.,、Alison Readman.(1947)。The British General Election of 1945。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。  new window
8.Ragin, Charles C.(2008)。Measurement versus Calibration: A Settheoretic Approach。The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。  new window
9.Rommele, Andrea,、David M. Farrell,、Piero Ignazi(2005)。Political Parties and Political Systems: The Concept of Linkage Revisited。London, UK：Praeger。  new window
10.Rose, Richard.(1984)。Do Parties Make A Difference。New Jersey, NJ：Chatham House Publishers。  new window
11.Budge, Ian、Klingemann,H(2001)。Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors and Governments 1945-1998。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Aldrich, John H.(1995)。Why Party?。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
13.Budge, Ian、Keman, Hans(1990)。Parties and Democracy: Coalition Formation and Government Functioning in Twenty States。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
14.Brady, Henry、Collier, David(2004)。Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards。Lanham, MD：Rowman and Littlefield。  new window
15.Janda, Kenneth(1980)。Political Parties: A Cross-National Survey。New York：The Free Press。  new window
16.Rihoux, Benoît and Charles C. Ragin, eds.,(2009)。Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis（QCA）and Related Techniques。Thousand Oaks:：Sage Publications。  new window
17.Budge, Ian、Robertson, David、Hearl, Derek(1987)。Ideology, Strategy, and Party Change: Spatial Analyses of Post-War Election Programmes in 19 Democracies。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
18.Goertz, Gary(2006)。Social Science Concepts: A User's Guide。Princeton University Press。  new window
19.Laver, Michael、Shepsle, Kenneth A.(1996)。Making and Breaking Governments: Cabinets and Legislatures in Parliamentary Democracies。Cambridge University Press。  new window
20.Strom, Kaare(1990)。Minority Government and Majority Rule。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
21.Tufte, Edward R.(1978)。Political Control of the Economy。Princeton, N. J.：Princeton University Press。  new window
22.Ragin, Charles C.(2008)。Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond。University of Chicago Press。  new window
23.King, Gary、Keohane, Robert O.、Verba, Sidney(1994)。Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific inference in Qualitative Research。Princeton University Press。  new window
24.Ragin, Charles C.(2000)。Fuzzy-Set Social Science。University of Chicago Press。  new window
25.Ragin, Charles C.(1987)。The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies。University of California Press。  new window
26.Laver, M.(2001)。Estimating the Policy Position of Political Actors。London, UK：Routledge。  new window
27.Strom, Kaare、Muller, Wolfgang C.(1999)。Policy, Office, or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。  new window
28.Wagschal, Uwe(1998)。Parties, Party Systems and Policy Effects。Comparing Party System Change。London, UK：Routledge。  new window
其他
1.TEDS(2011)。台灣選舉與民主化調查，http://www.tedsnet.org/cubekm1/front/bin/home.phtml， 2011/08/31。  new window
2.International Comparative Political Parties Project(2011)。Home Page of the ICPP Project，http://janda.org/ICPP/index.htm， 2011/08/31。  new window
 
 
 
 
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