This study considers both spatial and nonspatial factors in examining access to primary healthcare in Taiwan. Spatial access emphasizes the importance of geographic barrier between patient and physician, and nonspatial factors include nongeographic barriers or facilitators such as age, gender, race, poverty, and education. The population and socioeconomic data are from the 2013 Ministry of Interior's Socioeconomic Database, and the 2012 primary care physician data are provided by the Taiwan Medical Association. First, an enhanced two-step floating catchment area method which is implemented in Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to measure spatial accessibility based on 15 km road distance. Secondly, the factor analysis method is used to group various sociodemographic variables into two factors: (1) socioeconomic disadvantages, and (2) high healthcare needs. Finally, spatial and nonspatial factors are integrated to identify areas with poor access to primary healthcare, and the findings are used to compare with the "2014 Improving under Served Healthcare Resources" program and "2013 Integrated Delivery System" program of National Health Insurance Administration.