上海臨時分會成立時全稱為「上海臨時政治委員會」，是北伐軍即將進取上海時，由南昌國民黨中央政治會議於1927年2月21日議決設立，4月17日遵照南京國民黨中央政治會議議決，改稱「政治會議上海臨時分會」，至上海特別市政府7月7日成立而宣告結束。在其存續期間，以會議方式主掌上海軍事、政治、財政大權，甚至在初期對黨務也負全責。不僅其會議報告、討論及議決各項涵括北伐時期上海的政治、經濟、軍事、黨務、教育、衛生等諸多方面，其設立更直接關涉到國民黨在遷都過程中贛漢間的矛盾交鋒，亦是蔣介石在上海分共前後，藉以抵制上海臨時市政府和進行「清黨」決策的工具，其重要性不可小覷。

Shanghai temporary branch established by the Central Political Council of Kuomintang in Nanchang on Feb 21(th), 1927. It was called Shanghai temporary political committee firstly, then renamed ＂Central Political Council Shanghai temporary branch＂ on April 17^(th), in accordance with resolution of the Central Political Council of Kuomintang in Nanjing, and ended on July 7(th) when the Shanghai special City was founded. During its existence, the meeting took Shanghai military, political, financial power, even in the early days also took full responsibility of the party. Not only the discussion and the report of the meeting was about the Shanghai's political, economic, military, party affairs, education, health and other aspects through the period of Northern Expedition ,but also the establishment of Shanghai temporary branch directly related to the controversy between Wuhan and Nanchang. Moreover, Shanghai temporary branch was the tool of Chiang Kai Shek to boycott the Shanghai temporary City and make the decision of ＂purge＂. Its importance should not be overlooked.