With the expansion of capitalism, the economic life and social structure in Taiwan have undergone major shifts. This paper aims to explore the way capitalism is represented in contemporary Taiwan fiction. Four major aspects are discussed: 1. the movement of labor in farming communities as well as the drawbacks brought about by the development gap between urban and rural areas; 2. the role of the state in the market over the course of capitalist history in Taiwanese society; 3. the tensions between local laborers and the transnational capitalist-class, with the entry of Taiwan into the global market; and, 4. the class conflict within modern capitalist societies. Apart from analyzing the representation of capitalism in contemporary Taiwan fiction, this paper also discusses the potential “class consciousness” and its limits from a Marxist perspective.