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題名：托克維爾論異己民族與文明的判準
書刊名：人文及社會科學集刊
作者：許家豪 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hsu, Chiahao
出版日期：2018
卷期：30:1
頁次：頁41-73
主題關鍵詞：托克維爾；文明；平等；殖民主義；反奴隷制度；Alexis de Tocqueville；Civilization；Equality；Colonialism；Abolition of slavery
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  • 點閱點閱:6
本文論證在托克維爾的思想中，社會條件的平等雖然是民主政體的必要條件，但卻預設一定的文明發展高度。托克維爾認爲從野蠻到文明有固定的判準，而文明發達國家有義務幫助落後的民族向文明的進程邁進，因而他支持殖民制度與反對奴隸制度的理由是一致的。殖民是必要的，因爲它可以「幫助」那些過去從未經歷過文明生活的野蠻民族去體會更進步的生活方式，而奴隸制度是不可欲的，因爲它阻礙了人性之中自發朝向更高度文明進步的自然趨力。從托克維爾對於異己民族與文明判準的觀點，我們可以發現他的民主理論中對於參與民主社會成員資格的認定。
This article analyzes Tocqueville's discussions of cultural ＂others＂ to illustrate Tocqueville's view on the qualifications of ＂civilization＂. I begin by arguing that Tocqueville's famous assertion on the ＂equality of social conditions＂ in America is a societal status that was unique to America at his time, and presumes a highly ＂civilized＂ standard in which those who are not ＂civilized＂ are not qualified to be fully equal. Tocqueville believes those more civilized nations or peoples have the duty to ＂elevate＂ those who fall behind on the path towards civilizational progress, and when ＂necessity＂ requires, can even justify the use of force. I argue that Tocqueville's assumption of civilizational progress can explain Tocqueville's seemingly contradictory positions in supporting the colonization project in Algeria while fighting against slavery in French colonies. The essay concludes that it is crucial to include Tocqueville's assumption of civilization when considering the full scope of his theory of democracy.
期刊論文
1.Ossewaarde, Marinus(2005)。Tocqueville's Christian Citizen。Logos，8(3)，40-66。  new window
2.Bell, Duncan(2010)。John Stuart Mill on Colonies。Political Theory，38(1)，34-64。  new window
3.Boesche, Roger(2005)。The Dark Side of Tocqueville: On War and Empire。The Review of Politics，67(4)，737-752。  new window
4.Drescher, Seymour(1964)。Tocqueville's Two Democraties。Journal of the History of Ideas，25(2)，201-216。  new window
5.Duan, Demin(2010)。Reconsidering Tocqueville's Imperialism。Ethical Perspectives，17(3)，415-447。  new window
6.Kohn, Margaret(2008)。Empire's Law: Alexis de Tocqueville on Colonialism and the State of Exception。Canadian Journal of Political Science，41(2)，255-278。  new window
7.Richter, Melvin(1963)。Tocqueville on Algeria。The Review of Politics，25(3)，362-398。  new window
8.Welch, Cheryl B.(2003)。Colonial Violence and the Rhetoric of Evasion: Tocqueville on Algeria。Political Theory，31(2)，235-264。  new window
圖書
1.Boucher, David、Vincent, Andrew、許家豪、曾國祥(2013)。自由主義與人權：英國觀念論的觀點。台北：巨流。  延伸查詢new window
2.De Tocqueville, Alexis、董果良(1991)。論美國的民主。北京：商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
3.Kelly, George Armstrong(1992)。The Humane Comedy: Constant, Tocqueville and French Liberalism。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Brogan, Hugh(2007)。Alexis de Tocqueville: A Life。New Haven：Yale University Press。  new window
5.de Tocqueville, Alexis(1839)。Report Made to the Chamber of Deputies on the Abolition of Slavery in the French Colonies。Boston：James Munroe and Company。  new window
6.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Reeve, Henry(1899)。Democracy in America。New York：Colonial Press。  new window
7.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Lawrence, George(1966)。Democracy in America。New York：HarperCollins。  new window
8.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Pitts, Jennifer(2001)。Writings on Empire and Slavery。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
9.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Kramnick, Isaac、Bevan, Gerald E.(2003)。Democracy in America: And Two Essays on America。Penguin Books。  new window
10.de Tocqueville, Alexis、Nolla, Eduardo、Schleifer, James T.(2010)。Democracy in America: Historical-Critical Edition of De la démocratie en Amérique。Indianapolis：Liberty Fund。  new window
11.Guizot, François、Knight, George Wells(1896)。General History of Civilization in Europe。New York：D. Appleton and Company。  new window
12.Jaume, Lucien、Goldhammer, Arthur(2013)。Tocqueville: The Aristocratic Sources of Liberty。Princeton, NJ：Princeton University Press。  new window
13.Kahan, Alan S.(2015)。Tocqueville, Democracy, and Religion: Checks and Balances for Democratic Souls。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
14.Mitchell, Harvey(2002)。America after Tocqueville: Democracy against Difference。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Manent, Pierre(1996)。Tocqueville and the Nature of Democracy。Rowman & Littlefield。  new window
16.江宜樺(20010000)。自由民主的理路。臺北：聯經。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Pitts, Jennifer(2009)。A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France。Princeton University Press。  new window
圖書論文
1.張震東(1991)。托克維爾論民主社會之自由問題。正義及其相關問題。臺北：中央研究院中山人文社會科學所。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.Pitts, Jennifer(2001)。[Writings on Empire and Slavery] Introduction。Writings on Empire and Slavery。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
3.Pitts, Jennifer(2001)。[Writings on Empire and Slavery] Notes。Writings on Empire and Slavery。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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